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Natural hazards in Australia: droughts

Author

Listed:
  • Anthony S. Kiem

    (University of Newcastle)

  • Fiona Johnson

    (University of New South Wales)

  • Seth Westra

    (University of Adelaide)

  • Albert Dijk

    (Australian National University)

  • Jason P. Evans

    (University of New South Wales)

  • Alison O’Donnell

    (University of Western Australia)

  • Alexandra Rouillard

    (University of Western Australia)

  • Cameron Barr

    (University of Adelaide)

  • Jonathan Tyler

    (University of Adelaide
    University of Adelaide)

  • Mark Thyer

    (University of Adelaide)

  • Doerte Jakob

    (Bureau of Meteorology)

  • Fitsum Woldemeskel

    (University of New South Wales)

  • Bellie Sivakumar

    (University of New South Wales
    University of California)

  • Raj Mehrotra

    (University of New South Wales)

Abstract

Droughts are a recurrent and natural part of the Australian hydroclimate, with evidence of drought dating back thousands of years. However, our ability to monitor, attribute, forecast and manage drought is exposed as insufficient whenever a drought occurs. This paper summarises what is known about drought hazard, as opposed to the impacts of drought, in Australia and finds that, unlike other hydroclimatic hazards, we currently have very limited ability to tell when a drought will begin or end. Understanding, defining, monitoring, forecasting and managing drought is also complex due to the variety of temporal and spatial scales at which drought occurs and the diverse direct and indirect causes and consequences of drought. We argue that to improve understanding and management of drought, three key research challenges should be targeted: (1) defining and monitoring drought characteristics (i.e. frequency, start, duration, magnitude, and spatial extent) to remove confusion between drought causes, impacts and risks and better distinguish between drought, aridity, and water scarcity due to over-extractions; (2) documenting historical (instrumental and pre-instrumental) variation in drought to better understand baseline drought characteristics, enable more rigorous identification and attribution of drought events or trends, inform/evaluate hydrological and climate modelling activities and give insights into possible future drought scenarios; (3) improving the prediction and projection of drought characteristics with seasonal to multidecadal lead times and including more realistic modelling of the multiple factors that cause (or contribute to) drought so that the impacts of natural variability and anthropogenic climate change are accounted for and the reliability of long-term drought projections increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony S. Kiem & Fiona Johnson & Seth Westra & Albert Dijk & Jason P. Evans & Alison O’Donnell & Alexandra Rouillard & Cameron Barr & Jonathan Tyler & Mark Thyer & Doerte Jakob & Fitsum Woldemeskel &, 2016. "Natural hazards in Australia: droughts," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 37-54, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:139:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1007_s10584-016-1798-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1798-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kevin Walsh & Christopher J. White & Kathleen McInnes & John Holmes & Sandra Schuster & Harald Richter & Jason P. Evans & Alejandro Luca & Robert A. Warren, 2016. "Natural hazards in Australia: storms, wind and hail," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 55-67, November.
    2. Justin Sheffield & Eric F. Wood & Michael L. Roderick, 2012. "Little change in global drought over the past 60 years," Nature, Nature, vol. 491(7424), pages 435-438, November.
    3. Fiona Johnson & Christopher J. White & Albert Dijk & Marie Ekstrom & Jason P. Evans & Dörte Jakob & Anthony S. Kiem & Michael Leonard & Alexandra Rouillard & Seth Westra, 2016. "Natural hazards in Australia: floods," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 21-35, November.
    4. Jason J. Sharples & Geoffrey J. Cary & Paul Fox-Hughes & Scott Mooney & Jason P. Evans & Michael-Shawn Fletcher & Mike Fromm & Pauline F. Grierson & Rick McRae & Patrick Baker, 2016. "Natural hazards in Australia: extreme bushfire," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 85-99, November.
    5. S. E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick & C. J. White & L. V. Alexander & D. Argüeso & G. Boschat & T. Cowan & J. P. Evans & M. Ekström & E. C. J. Oliver & A. Phatak & A. Purich, 2016. "Natural hazards in Australia: heatwaves," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 101-114, November.
    6. Seth Westra & Christopher J. White & Anthony S. Kiem, 2016. "Introduction to the special issue: historical and projected climatic changes to Australian natural hazards," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 1-19, November.
    7. Donald Wilhite & Mark Svoboda & Michael Hayes, 2007. "Understanding the complex impacts of drought: A key to enhancing drought mitigation and preparedness," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(5), pages 763-774, May.
    8. Kevin E. Trenberth & Aiguo Dai & Gerard van der Schrier & Philip D. Jones & Jonathan Barichivich & Keith R. Briffa & Justin Sheffield, 2014. "Global warming and changes in drought," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 17-22, January.
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