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Preferences for Medical Consultations from Online Providers: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment in the United Kingdom

Author

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  • James Buchanan

    (University of Oxford
    National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance)

  • Laurence S. J. Roope

    (University of Oxford
    National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital)

  • Liz Morrell

    (University of Oxford)

  • Koen B. Pouwels

    (University of Oxford
    National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    National Infection Service, Public Health England)

  • Julie V. Robotham

    (National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    National Infection Service, Public Health England)

  • Lucy Abel

    (University of Oxford)

  • Derrick W. Crook

    (National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital
    University of Oxford)

  • Tim Peto

    (National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital
    University of Oxford)

  • Christopher C. Butler

    (National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    University of Oxford)

  • A. Sarah Walker

    (National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital
    University of Oxford)

  • Sarah Wordsworth

    (University of Oxford
    National Institute for Health Research Health Research Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
    National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital)

Abstract

Background In the UK, consultations for prescription medicines are available via private providers such as online pharmacies. However, these providers may have lower thresholds for prescribing certain drugs. This is a particular concern for antibiotics, given the increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance. Public preferences for consultations with online providers are unknown, hence the impact of increased availability of online consultations on antibiotic use and population health is unclear. Objective To conduct a discrete choice experiment survey to understand UK public preferences for seeking online consultations, and the factors that influence these preferences, in the context of having symptoms for which antibiotics may be appropriate. Methods In a survey conducted between July and August 2018, general population respondents completed 16 questions in which they chose a primary care consultation via either their local medical centre or an online provider. Consultations were described in terms of five attributes, including cost and similarity to traditional ‘face-to-face’ appointments. Choices were modelled using regression analysis. Results Respondents (n = 734) placed a high value on having a consultation via their local medical centre rather than an online provider, and a low value on consultations by phone or video. However, respondents characterised as ‘busy young professionals’ showed a lower strength of preference for traditional consultations, with a higher concern for convenience. Conclusion Before COVID-19, the UK public had limited appetite for consultations with online providers, or for consultations that were not face-to-face. Nevertheless, prescriptions from online providers should be monitored going forward, particularly for antibiotics, and in key patient groups.

Suggested Citation

  • James Buchanan & Laurence S. J. Roope & Liz Morrell & Koen B. Pouwels & Julie V. Robotham & Lucy Abel & Derrick W. Crook & Tim Peto & Christopher C. Butler & A. Sarah Walker & Sarah Wordsworth, 2021. "Preferences for Medical Consultations from Online Providers: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment in the United Kingdom," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 521-535, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:aphecp:v:19:y:2021:i:4:d:10.1007_s40258-021-00642-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s40258-021-00642-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arne Hole & Julie Kolstad, 2012. "Mixed logit estimation of willingness to pay distributions: a comparison of models in preference and WTP space using data from a health-related choice experiment," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 445-469, April.
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    1. Vo, Linh K. & Allen, Michelle J. & Cunich, Michelle & Thillainadesan, Janani & McPhail, Steven M. & Sharma, Pakhi & Wallis, Shannon & McGowan, Kelly & Carter, Hannah E., 2024. "Stakeholders’ preferences for the design and delivery of virtual care services: A systematic review of discrete choice experiments," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    2. Haghani, Milad & Bliemer, Michiel C.J. & de Bekker-Grob, Esther W., 2022. "Applications of discrete choice experiments in COVID-19 research: Disparity in survey qualities between health and transport fields," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).

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