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Międzybankowy rynek pieniężny i zarażenie

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  • Marek Lubiński

Abstract

Przedmiotem analizy w artykule jest rola międzybankowego rynku pieniężnego w czasie kryzysu finansowego. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą jest krytyczny przegląd literatury teoretycznej i badań empirycznych. Ostatnio literatura sugeruje, że uzależnienie banków od hurtowego rynku pieniężnego może stać za trudnościami wielu z nich. Sprawny rynek międzybankowy zapewnia efektywny transfer płynności od podmiotów nadwyżkowych do deficytowych, umożliwiając skuteczniejsze pośrednictwo. Ponadto banki powszechnie w coraz większym stopniu polegały na rynku hurtowym jako uzupełnieniu depozytów na żądanie jako źródła finansowania. Powszechne uzależnienie banków od krótkookresowych środków hurtowego rynku pieniężnego uczyniło z niego, obok podobieństwa portfela i zachowań stadnych, jedno z potencjalnych źródeł zarażenia Przez wiele lat nieubezpieczony rynek międzybankowy traktowany był jako wzorcowy przykład rynku efektywnego. Tym niemniej w czasie ostatniego kryzysu finansowego wiele, wydawałoby się niepodważalnych, pewników zostało obalonych. Dlatego w artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury zarówno na temat efektów zewnętrznych, jak i skutków zakłóceń w funkcjonowaniu rynków pieniężnych. Jedną z najbardziej uderzających cech kryzysu było, wynikające ze zmiany zachowania inwestorów, zamrożenie rolowania długu krótkookresowego. Wspólnym rysem zachowania inwestorów w czasie epizodów kryzysowych był nie tyle wzrost ich ekspozycji na ryzyko, ile raczej uwzględnienie niepewności w sensie Knighta jako niemierzalnego ryzyka. Powoduje to między innymi uwzględnienie w postępowaniu najbardziej pesymistycznego scenariusza. Niepewność z systemu finansowego zwłaszcza po upadku Lehman Brothers była następnie transmitowana do sfery realnej gospodarki za pośrednictwem spodziewanego zacieśnienia akcji kredytowej, ostrożnościowych oszczędności oraz odroczenie inwestycji, co w sumie złożyło się na ograniczenie popytu.

Suggested Citation

  • Marek Lubiński, 2013. "Międzybankowy rynek pieniężny i zarażenie," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 5-6, pages 19-41.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2013:i:5-6:p:19-41
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    banki; pożyczki międzybankowe; rynek pieniężny; kryzys finansowy; ryzyko; niepewność; zarażenie;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D85 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Network Formation
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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