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Znaczenie agrobiznesu w gospodarce narodowej w krajach Unii Europejskiej

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  • Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest określenie znaczenia agrobiznesu (gospodarki żywnościowej) w gospodarce narodowej w krajach Unii Europejskiej w zależności od poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego. Porównano strukturę wewnętrzną oraz udział agrobiznesu w gospodarce narodowej w zakresie produkcji globalnej i wartości dodanej brutto. Przedstawiono zależności pomiędzy udziałem rolnictwa i całej gospodarki żywnościowej w dochodzie narodowym a poziomem wartości dodanej brutto per capita. Główną metodą badawczą była analiza nakładów i wyników (input-output analaysis), której podstawą są bilanse przepływów międzygałęziowych. Wyniki badań dotyczące w/w zależności wskazują, że w krajach o wysokim poziomie dochodu narodowego na 1 mieszkańca występuje „odwrócenie” tendencji spadkowej udziału agrobiznesu w gospodarce narodowej w związku z zapotrzebowaniem na wyżej przetworzoną żywność. Wyniki analizy wskazują, że głównym warunkiem przeprowadzenia zmian w agrobiznesie jest wzrost gospodarczy i wykorzystanie warunków, jakie stwarza wysokie tempo wzrostu tego dochodu. W krajach, które wstąpiły do Unii Europejskiej po 2004 r. przemiany struktury agrobiznesu przebiegają w pożądanym kierunku, maleje znaczenie rolnictwa, natomiast wzrasta – przemysłu spożywczego i przemysłów wytwarzających środki produkcji i usługi, dostosowując się tym samym do tendencji występujących w krajach o wyższym poziomie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. W latach 1995-2007 systematycznie maleje udział agrobiznesu w gospodarce narodowej w poszczególnych krajach UE, co jest zgodne z ogólnoświatowymi tendencjami. Jednak w krajach o niższym poziomie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego przemiany te są znacznie wolniejsze niż w krajach Europy Zachodniej.

Suggested Citation

  • Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska, 2013. "Znaczenie agrobiznesu w gospodarce narodowej w krajach Unii Europejskiej," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 79-100.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2013:i:3:p:79-100
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    agrobiznes; produkcja globalna; wartość dodana brutto; wewnętrzna struktura; udział agrobiznesu w gospodarce narodowej; wartość dodana brutto per capita;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • P52 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

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