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Transformacja instytucji nieformalnych w Polsce

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  • Ewa Gruszewska

Abstract

Celem artykułu było zbadanie zmian, jakie dokonały się w instytucjach nieformalnych w okresie transformacji systemowej w Polsce na tle innych krajów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w latach 1989-2009. Ważna była również odpowiedź na pytania, na ile nieformalne składniki układu instytucjonalnego stanowiły odpowiedni grunt dla tworzonych instytucji formalnych oraz czy zmiany w instytucjach nieformalnych miały kierunek odpowiedni, by uzupełniały i wzmacniały działanie instytucji formalnych. Analizę porównawczą nieformalnych składników systemu instytucjonalnego oparto o badania systemów wartości (głównie prace R. Inglehardta i C. Welzela) oraz studia World Values Survey. Na podstawie badań można wyciągnąć następujące wnioski: a) wprowadzane w procesie transformacji systemowej zmiany instytucji formalnych nie były zgodne z nieformalnymi składnikami układu instytucjonalnego, b) w latach 1990-2009 w Polsce nastąpiła ewolucja instytucji nieformalnych, której przejawem była zmiana systemów wartości w kierunku zbieżnym ze zmianami obserwowanymi w krajach wysokorozwiniętych, c) najsilniejsze zmiany dotyczyły wzrostu wartości ekspresyjnych, a osłabienia zachowawczych, oraz d) nastąpił niewielki wzrost wskaźników wartości racjonalnych. Poziom racjonalizmu jest w Polsce niższy niż w innych krajach transformujących się, np. Czechach, Słowacji, Węgrzech. Jednocześnie mocno utrzymują się wartości tradycyjne, co należy uznać za jeden z przejawów niedopasowania nieformalnych do formalnych składników systemu instytucjonalnego (i tym samym nierównowagi instytucjonalnej).

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Gruszewska, 2012. "Transformacja instytucji nieformalnych w Polsce," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 61-83.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:3:p:61-83
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Ryta Dziemianowicz, 2017. "Tax administrative costs as a component of tax transaction costs in Poland and other OECD countries," Ekonomia i Prawo, Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, vol. 16(2), pages 123-140, June.
    2. Ewa Gruszewska, 2014. "Changes In Informal Institutions In Poland And Transition Countries," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 9(1), pages 39-55, March.
    3. Katarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska & Jacek Lewkowicz, 2021. "Post-socialist “illiberal democracies”: do de jure constitutional rights matter?," Constitutional Political Economy, Springer, vol. 32(2), pages 233-265, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    instytucje nieformalne; transformacja; system instytucjonalny; systemy wartości;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • P36 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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