IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sgh/erfinj/v2y2017i2p79-97.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determination of Long and Short Run Demand for Money in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) Countries: A Panel Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Agya Atabani Adi

    (Federal University Wukari, Nigeria)

  • Joshua Sunday Riti

    (University of Jos, Nigeria)

Abstract

This paper examines demand for real money balances in six West African countries from 1985--2014 using a panel cointegration technique. Real income and inflation rate positively affect demand for money, whereas interest rate spread, real effective exchange rate, and the U.S. real interest rate negatively affect broad money demand in the long run. Income elasticity is greater than unity in the long term and less than unity in the short term. All the variables examined are significant except effective exchange rate. Both the currency substitution and capital mobility hypotheses hold for the long run, but only the capital mobility hypothesis holds in the short run. We recommend that monetary aggregate grow more slowly than economic growth to maintain price stability. Countries should maintain a stable exchange rate and ensure a market driven interest rate policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Agya Atabani Adi & Joshua Sunday Riti, 2017. "Determination of Long and Short Run Demand for Money in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) Countries: A Panel Analysis," Econometric Research in Finance, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, vol. 2(2), pages 79-97, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:erfinj:v:2:y:2017:i:2:p:79-97
    DOI: 10.33119/ERFIN.2017.2.2.2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://erfin.org/journal/index.php/erfin/article/view/24
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.33119/ERFIN.2017.2.2.2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kumar, Saten & Webber, Don J. & Fargher, Scott, 2013. "Money demand stability: A case study of Nigeria," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 978-991.
    2. Arrau, Patricio & De Gregorio, Jose & Reinhart, Carmen M. & Wickham, Peter, 1995. "The demand for money in developing countries: Assessing the role of financial innovation," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 317-340, April.
    3. Agenor, Pierre-Richard & Khan, Mohsin S., 1996. "Foreign currency deposits and the demand for money in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 101-118, June.
    4. Mr. Jean-Claude Nachega, 2001. "A Cointegration Analysis of Broad Money Demand in Cameroon," IMF Working Papers 2001/026, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Takeshi Inoue & Shigeyuki Hamori, 2014. "An Empirical Analysis of the Money Demand Function in India," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: INDIAN ECONOMY Empirical Analysis on Monetary and Financial Issues in India, chapter 2, pages 9-26, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Pedroni, Peter, 2004. "Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic And Finite Sample Properties Of Pooled Time Series Tests With An Application To The Ppp Hypothesis," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 597-625, June.
    7. Policy Analyst - UNICEF Zimbabwe, 2002. "Evidence on the demand for money function in Uganda," Development and Comp Systems 0210005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Abbas Valadkhani, 2008. "Long- and Short-Run Determinants of the Demand for Money in the Asian-Pacific Countries: An Empirical Panel Investigation," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 9(1), pages 77-90, May.
    9. Sahar Bahmani, 2008. "Stability of the Demand for Money in the Middle East," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(1), pages 62-83, January.
    10. repec:bla:ecorec:v:67:y:1991:i:199:p:289-306 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Jenkins, Carolyn, 1999. "Money Demand and Stabilisation in Zimbabwe," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 8(3), pages 386-421, October.
    12. Im, Kyung So & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 2003. "Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 53-74, July.
    13. Shigeyuki Hamori, 2008. "Empirical Analysis of the Money Demand Function in Sub-Saharan Africa," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15.
    14. Peter Pedroni, 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 653-670, November.
    15. Kevin S. Nell, 1999. "The Stability of Money Demand in South Africa, 1965-1997," Studies in Economics 9905, School of Economics, University of Kent.
    16. Rother, Philipp C, 1999. "Money Demand in the West African Economic and Monetary Union--The Problems of Aggregation," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 8(3), pages 422-447, October.
    17. Mohsen Bahmani‐Oskooee & Abera Gelan, 2009. "How stable is the demand for money in African countries?," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 36(3), pages 216-235, July.
    18. Mishkin, Frederic S., 1998. "International Experiences With Different Monetary Policy Regimes," Seminar Papers 648, Stockholm University, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    19. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    20. Afees Salisu & Idris Ademuyiwa & Basiru Fatai, 2013. "Modelling the Demand for Money in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 33(1), pages 635-647.
    21. Arize, Augustine C. & Malindretos, John & Shwiff, Steven S., 1999. "Structural breaks, cointegration, and speed of adjustment Evidence from 12 LDCs money demand," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 399-420, November.
    22. Mr. Arto Kovanen & Jihad Dagher, 2011. "On the Stability of Money Demand in Ghana: A Bounds Testing Approach," IMF Working Papers 2011/273, International Monetary Fund.
    23. Jamil Tahir, 1995. "Recent Developments in Demand for Money Issues: Survey of Theory and Evidence with Reference to Arab Countries," Working Papers 9530, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 1995.
    24. Mr. Robert Dekle & Mahmood Pradhan, 1997. "Financial Liberalization and Money Demand in Asean Countries: Implications for Monetary Policy," IMF Working Papers 1997/036, International Monetary Fund.
    25. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:653-70 is not listed on IDEAS
    26. Levin, Andrew & Lin, Chien-Fu & James Chu, Chia-Shang, 2002. "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 108(1), pages 1-24, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rizvi, Syed Aun R. & Pathirage, Kasun, 2023. "COVID-19 policy actions and inflation targeting in South Asia," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Alexi Thompson & Henry Thompson, 2021. "Six decades of inflation and money demand," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 45(2), pages 240-251, April.
    3. Joof, Foday, 2021. "The Co-Movement between Foreign Reserves, Economic Growth and Money Supply: Evidence from the WAMZ Countries," MPRA Paper 110193, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Felix S. Nyumuah, 2017. "An Investigation into the Interest Elasticity of Demand for Money in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Approach," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(3), pages 69-80, March.
    2. John Paul Dunne & Elizabeth Kasekende, 2018. "Financial Innovation and Money Demand: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 86(4), pages 428-448, December.
    3. Fakhri J. Hasanov & Moayad H. Al Rasasi & Salah S. Alsayaary & Ziyadh Alfawzan, 2022. "Money demand under a fixed exchange rate regime: the case of Saudi Arabia," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(1), pages 385-411, December.
    4. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:15:y:2008:i:4:p:1-15 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Helmi Hamdi & Ali Said & Rashid Sbia, 2015. "Empirical Evidence on the Long-Run Money Demand Function in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 5(2), pages 603-612.
    6. Shigeyuki Hamori, 2008. "Empirical Analysis of the Money Demand Function in Sub-Saharan Africa," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15.
    7. Frauke Dobnik, 2011. "OLong-run Money Demand in OECD Countries – Cross-Member Cointegration," Ruhr Economic Papers 0237, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universität Dortmund, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
    8. John Bosco Nnyanzi, 2018. "The Interaction Effect of Financial Innovation and the Transmission Channels on Money Demand in Uganda," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(12), pages 1-1, December.
    9. repec:zbw:rwirep:0237 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Dobnik, Frauke, 2011. "Long-run Money Demand in OECD Countries – Cross-Member Cointegration," Ruhr Economic Papers 237, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    11. repec:zbw:rwirep:0557 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Bernstein, Ronald & Madlener, Reinhard, 2011. "Responsiveness of Residential Electricity Demand in OECD Countries: A Panel Cointegation and Causality Analysis," FCN Working Papers 8/2011, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    13. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2011. "The renewable energy consumption-growth nexus in Central America," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 343-347, January.
    14. Nicoleta Mihaela Florea & Roxana Maria Bădîrcea & Ramona Costina Pîrvu & Alina Georgiana Manta & Marius Dalian Doran & Elena Jianu, 2020. "The impact of agriculture and renewable energy on climate change in Central and East European Countries," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 66(10), pages 444-457.
    15. Chakraborty, Chandana & Nunnenkamp, Peter, 2006. "Economic reforms, foreign direct investment and its economic effects in India," Kiel Working Papers 1272, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    16. Frauke Dobnik, 2013. "Long-run money demand in OECD countries: what role do common factors play?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 89-113, August.
    17. Dennis Fok & André Stel & Andrew Burke & Roy Thurik, 2019. "How entry crowds and grows markets: the gradual disaster management view of market dynamics in the retail industry," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 283(1), pages 1111-1138, December.
    18. Joakim Westerlund, 2007. "Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 69(6), pages 709-748, December.
    19. Chow Sheung-Chi & Cunado Juncal & Gupta Rangan & Wong Wing-Keung, 2018. "Causal relationships between economic policy uncertainty and housing market returns in China and India: evidence from linear and nonlinear panel and time series models," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 22(2), pages 1-15, April.
    20. Olivier Damette & Mathilde Maurel & Michael A. Stemmer, 2016. "What does it take to grow out of recession? An error-correction approach towards growth convergence of European and transition countries," Post-Print halshs-01318131, HAL.
    21. Hamit-Haggar, Mahamat, 2012. "Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: A panel cointegration analysis from Canadian industrial sector perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 358-364.
    22. Farhani, Sahbi & Mrizak, Sana & Chaibi, Anissa & Rault, Christophe, 2014. "The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainability: A panel data analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 189-198.
    23. Yongfu Huang, 2011. "Private investment and financial development in a globalized world," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 43-56, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    demand for money; interest rate spread; capital mobility; currency substitution; panel analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sgh:erfinj:v:2:y:2017:i:2:p:79-97. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dobromił Serwa (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/sgwawpl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.