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Истоки огосударствления экономики и его последствия // The Origins of Economic Environment and its Consequences

Author

Listed:
  • R. Nureev M.

    (Financial University)

  • Р. Нуреев М.

    (Финансовый университет, ординарный профессор НИУ ВШЭ)

Abstract

During the First World War, nationalization of the economy of the belligerent countries takes place. The war was extremely long and devastating. This was a surprise for all belligerent countries. The fact is that the experience of past wars (Franco-Prussian, Balkan) made me expect the opposite. However, the high level of military equipment achieved did not allow us to receive rapid military successes on the fronts of the First World War. To mobilize resources, the governments of the belligerent countries were forced to abandon the market methods of regulating the economy in favor of the command. In Germany and Great Britain, this process covered both industries and agriculture. This experience meant the beginning of the transition from a purely market economy to a mixed one and proved extremely tempting for the Bolsheviks in the construction of a new economy in Soviet Russia. The practice of “military communism” showed the extraordinary possibilities of administrative-command methods of government. During the period of forced industrialization and complete collectivization, an administrative-command system is being formed. В ходе Первой мировой войны происходит огосударствление экономики воюющих стран. Война оказалась чрезвычайно долгой и разрушительной, что явилось неожиданностью для всех стран, участвующих в войне. Опыт прошлых войн (франко-прусской, балканских) заставлял ожидать обратного. Однако достигнутый высокий уровень военной техники не позволял получать быстрых военных успехов на фронтах Первой мировой войны. Правительствам воюющих стран для мобилизации ресурсов пришлось использовать командные методы регулирования экономики вместо рыночных. В Германии и Великобритании этот процесс охватил не только промышленность, но и сельское хозяйство. Этот опыт означал начало перехода от чисто рыночной экономики к смешанной и оказался чрезвычайно заманчивым для большевиков при строительстве новой экономики в советской России. Практика военного коммунизма показала чрезвычайные возможности административно-командных методов управления. В период форсированной индустриализации и сплошной коллективизации происходит формирование административно-командной системы.

Suggested Citation

  • R. Nureev M. & Р. Нуреев М., 2017. "Истоки огосударствления экономики и его последствия // The Origins of Economic Environment and its Consequences," Мир новой экономики // The world of new economy, Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation, issue 2, pages 93-104.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:wnewec:y:2017:i:2:p:93-104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Broadberry,Stephen & Harrison,Mark (ed.), 2005. "The Economics of World War I," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521852128, September.
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