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Как Возник И Что Скрывает Миф О Всеобщем Высшем Образовании

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Бессуднов Алексей Рудольфович - DPhil, преподаватель факультета социологии, философии и антропологии университета Эксетера (Великобритания). Адрес: Amory Building 341, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ UK. E-mail: a.bessudnov@exeter.ac.ukКуракин Дмитрий Юрьевич - кандидат социологических наук, директор Центра культурсоциологии и антропологии образования Института образования Национального исследовательского университета "Высшая школа экономики". Адрес: Москва, 101000, ул. Мясницкая, 20. E-mail: dukurakin@hse.ruМалик Валерия Михайловна - ведущий эксперт Института образования Национального исследовательского университета "Высшая школа экономики". Адрес: Москва, 101000, ул. Мясницкая, 20. E-mail: vmalik@hse.ruШироко распространено мнение, что по охвату населения высшим образованием Россия опережает большинство европейских стран. Мы показываем, что, по данным переписи населения 2010 г., лишь 34% россиян в возрасте от 25 до 34 лет имеют высшее образование. По этому показателю Россия близка к большинству восточноевропейских стран и несколько отстает от западноевропейских. Данные лонгитюдного исследования "Траектории в образовании и профессии" подтверждают этот вывод: лишь около половины школьников, окончивших 9‑й класс в 2012 г., в 2015 г. учились в вузах. Массовизация высшего образования в России соответствует общеевропейскому тренду. В России, как и в других странах, в последние десятилетия меняется гендерный состав студентов: девушки поступают в вузы с большей вероятностью, чем юноши. Анализ социально-демографических характеристик учащихся с разными образовательными траекториями указывает на значительное социальное неравенство в российской системе образования. 84% детей родителей с высшим образованием поступают после школы в вузы. Среди детей родителей без высшего образования таких только 32%. Образовательной "развилкой", наиболее важной для формирования неравенства, является переход после 9‑го класса. Дети из менее социально привилегированных семей уходят на этой стадии в систему среднего профессионального образования. Образовательный переход после 11‑го класса менее важен: как минимум 80% учеников 10-11‑х классов впоследствии поступают в вузы.

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  • Бессуднов А. Р. & Куракин Д. Ю. & Малик В. М., 2017. "Как Возник И Что Скрывает Миф О Всеобщем Высшем Образовании," Вопросы образования // Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 3, pages 83-109.
    • Handle: RePEc:scn:voprob:2017:i:3:p:83-109
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    1. Ilya Prakhov, 2015. "Barriers Limiting Access to Quality Higher Education in the Context of the USE: Family and School as Constraining Factors," Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 1, pages 88-117.
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