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Simulating Urban Networks through Multiscalar Space-Time Dynamics: Europe and the United States, 17th-20th Centuries

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  • Anne Bretagnolle

    (University Paris 1 and CNRS, UMR, Géographie-cités (équipe PARIS), Geography, 13 rue du Four, Paris 75006, France, anne.bretagnolle@parisgeo.cnrs.fr)

  • Denise Pumain

    (University Paris 1 and CNRS, UMR, Géographie-cités (équipe PARIS), Geography, 13 rue du Four, Paris 75006, France, pumain@parisgeo.cnrs.fr)

Abstract

Simpop2 is a generic multi-agent model designed for simulating any system of cities. From an evolutionary theory built upon the observation of networks of cities in different parts of the world and over long time-periods, it has been possible to identify stylised facts that characterise their main features and properties. This paper presents data-oriented simulations of two kinds of system: in early settled countries (Europe, 1300—2000) and in countries more recently settled (the United States, 1650—2000). The model can simulate properly the general dynamics of urban systems, at different scales of observation (general configuration and trajectories of individual cities). The simulations help to identify some dynamic properties that are shared by both systems: a general growth trend and spatial expansion (produced through interurban competition which generates emulation towards innovation that explain the persistency of the hierarchical configuration); a dramatic increase of contrasts in city sizes since the first industrial revolution linked to the increase of communication speed; and, a differentiation of urban economic functions produced through interactions between cities and innovation cycles, as industrial revolution. The model also puts forward the necessary integration of a new urban function in the model, which represents the early emergence of global cities. Yet, beyond these similarities in the evolution of all urban systems, when they are fully integrated, the model also measures to what extent the observed peculiarities in their contemporary spatial and functional configuration depend on differences in the early space-filling process between the two kinds of system.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Bretagnolle & Denise Pumain, 2010. "Simulating Urban Networks through Multiscalar Space-Time Dynamics: Europe and the United States, 17th-20th Centuries," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(13), pages 2819-2839, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:47:y:2010:i:13:p:2819-2839
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098010377366
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    1. Koen Frenken & Ron A. Boschma, 2007. "A theoretical framework for evolutionary economic geography: industrial dynamics and urban growth as a branching process," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(5), pages 635-649, September.
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    1. Antoine Peris & Evert Meijers & Maarten Ham, 2018. "The Evolution of the Systems of Cities Literature Since 1995: Schools of Thought and their Interaction," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 533-554, September.
    2. Romain Reuillon & Clara Schmitt & Ricardo De Aldama & Jean-Baptiste Mouret, 2015. "A New Method to Evaluate Simulation Models: The Calibration Profile (CP) Algorithm," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 18(1), pages 1-12.
    3. Meysam Alizadeh & Claudio Cioffi-Revilla & Andrew Crooks, 2017. "Generating and analyzing spatial social networks," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 362-390, September.
    4. Marcel Ausloos & Herbert Dawid & Ugo Merlone, 2015. "Spatial Interactions in Agent-Based Modeling," Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, in: Pasquale Commendatore & Saime Kayam & Ingrid Kubin (ed.), Complexity and Geographical Economics, edition 127, pages 353-377, Springer.
    5. Eveline Leeuwen & Mark Lijesen, 2016. "Agents playing Hotelling’s game: an agent-based approach to a game theoretic model," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 57(2), pages 393-411, November.
    6. César Ducruet & Laurent Beauguitte, 2014. "Spatial Science and Network Science: Review and Outcomes of a Complex Relationship," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 297-316, December.

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