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Extended Excess Commuting: A Measure of the Jobs-Housing Imbalance in Seoul

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  • Kang-Rae Ma

    (Centre for Transport and Society, Faculty of the Built Environment, University of the West of England, BS16 1QY, UK, Kang.Ma@uwe.ac.uk)

  • David Banister

    (Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, WCIH OQB, d.banister@ucl.ac.uk)

Abstract

The balance between jobs and housing has received considerable attention in the recent debates over sustainable urban development. The excess commuting technique, which measures the difference between the average observed commute and the average minimum commute, has been suggested as one means to identify the numerical imbalance between workplaces and residential locations. This paper extends the conventional approach through the development of an extended excess commuting technique, which can measure both the quantitative and qualitative imbalance. The empirical results show that commuters in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) have tried to reduce both qualitative and quantitative imbalance based on time rather than distance over the past 10 years (1990-2000). The results show how the spatial processes of decentralisation have been countered by the economic processes of faster travel, and how the net result is a saving in the journey to work travel time.

Suggested Citation

  • Kang-Rae Ma & David Banister, 2006. "Extended Excess Commuting: A Measure of the Jobs-Housing Imbalance in Seoul," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(11), pages 2099-2113, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:43:y:2006:i:11:p:2099-2113
    DOI: 10.1080/00420980600945245
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Genevieve Giuliano & Kenneth A. Small, 1993. "Is the Journey to Work Explained by Urban Structure?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 30(9), pages 1485-1500, November.
    2. White, Michelle J, 1988. "Urban Commuting Journeys Are Not "Wasteful."," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 96(5), pages 1097-1110, October.
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    5. White, M.J., 1988. "Urban Commuting Journeys Are Not Wasteful," Papers 88-10, Michigan - Center for Research on Economic & Social Theory.
    6. John F. Kain, 1968. "Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 82(2), pages 175-197.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Loo, Becky P.Y. & Chow, Alice S.Y., 2011. "Jobs-housing balance in an era of population decentralization: An analytical framework and a case study," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 552-562.
    3. Ma, Kang-Rae & Kang, Eun-Taek, 2011. "Time–space convergence and urban decentralisation," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 606-614.
    4. Zhou, Jiangping & Murphy, Enda, 2019. "Day-to-day variation in excess commuting: An exploratory study of Brisbane, Australia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 223-232.
    5. Jiangping, Zhou & Chun, Zhang & Xiaojian, Chen & Wei, Huang & Peng, Yu, 2014. "Has the legacy of Danwei persisted in transformations? the jobs-housing balance and commuting efficiency in Xi’an," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 64-76.
    6. Loder, Allister & Tanner, Reto & Axhausen, Kay W., 2017. "The impact of local work and residential balance on vehicle miles traveled: A new direct approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 139-149.
    7. Thomas, T. & Tutert, S.I.A., 2013. "An empirical model for trip distribution of commuters in The Netherlands: transferability in time and space reconsidered," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 158-165.
    8. Cheng, Lin & Chen, Chen & Xiu, Chunliang, 2017. "Excess kindergarten travel in Changchun, Northeast China: A measure of residence-kindergarten spatial mismatch," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 208-216.
    9. Saadi, Ismaïl & Boussauw, Kobe & Teller, Jacques & Cools, Mario, 2016. "Trends in regional jobs-housing proximity based on the minimum commute: The case of Belgium," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 171-183.

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