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Mapping the Social Organization of Labour in Moscow: Beyond the Formal/informal Labour Dualism

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  • Colin C. Williams
  • Sara Nadin
  • Peter Rodgers
  • John Round
  • Jan Windebank

Abstract

The starting point of this paper is recognition that the depiction of a formal/informal labour dualism, which views formal and informal labour as separate and hostile realms, is inappropriate for capturing the range of labour practices in societies. This is because labour practices cannot be neatly separated into discrete formal and informal realms, the differences within the formal and informal spheres are as great as the differences between the two realms, and formal and informal labour are not always embedded in different economic relations, values and motives. Here, an alternative more nuanced conceptual lens is proposed that resolves these problems and in so doing captures the multifarious labour practices in societies, namely the total social organization of labour (TSOL) perspective. This depicts labour practices as existing along a spectrum from more formal-oriented to more informal-oriented practices and cross-cuts this with a further spectrum from non-monetized, through in-kind and reciprocal labour, to monetized labour. Applying this conceptual lens, the results of a survey of the anatomy of labour practices in an affluent, mixed and deprived district of Moscow, comprising 313 face-to-face interviews, are then analysed. This reveals that socio-spatial variations in the organisation of labour are not solely about the degree of formalization of working life. Instead, this study unravels that populations range from relatively affluent ‘work busy’ populations undertaking, and voluntarily selecting from, a multiplicity of labour practices, to relatively disadvantaged ‘work deprived’ populations engaged in a narrower range of practices and more commonly out of necessity and in the absence of alternatives. The outcome is call for both the wider application and refinement of this TSOL approach when mapping the social organisation of labour and evaluations of whether the findings from Moscow are more widely valid in other societal contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Colin C. Williams & Sara Nadin & Peter Rodgers & John Round & Jan Windebank, 2011. "Mapping the Social Organization of Labour in Moscow: Beyond the Formal/informal Labour Dualism," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 16(1), pages 43-53, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socres:v:16:y:2011:i:1:p:43-53
    DOI: 10.5153/sro.2244
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Byung–Yeon Kim, 2002. "The participation of Russian households in the informal economy: Evidence from the VTsIOM data," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 10(3), pages 689-717, November.
    2. Simon Clarke, 2002. "Making Ends Meet in Contemporary Russia," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1951.
    3. Feige, Edgar L. & Urban, Ivica, 2008. "Measuring underground (unobserved, non-observed, unrecorded) economies in transition countries: Can we trust GDP?," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 287-306, June.
    4. Colin C. Williams & John Round, 2007. "Beyond Negative Depictions of Informal Employment: Some Lessons from Moscow," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(12), pages 2321-2338, November.
    5. Colin C. Williams, 2006. "The Hidden Enterprise Culture," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 3948.
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    1. Le Galès, Patrick & Vitale, Tommaso Prof, 2013. "Governing the large metropolis. A research agenda," SocArXiv 95zsc, Center for Open Science.
    2. Colin C. Williams & Ioana Horodnic, 2015. "Are Marginalised Populations More Likely to Engage in Undeclared Work in the Nordic Countries?," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 20(3), pages 15-29, August.

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