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Social inequalities in adolescent depression: The role of parental social support and optimism

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  • Bettina F Piko
  • Aleksandra Luszczynska
  • Kevin M Fitzpatrick

Abstract

Aims: Interpersonal theory suggests relationships between socio-economic status (SES) and adolescent psychopathology mediated by negative parenting. This study examines the role of perceived parental social support and optimism in understanding adolescents’ depression and self-rated health among a sample of Hungarian youth. Methods: Using a self-administered questionnaire, data ( N = 881) were collected from high-school students (14–20 years old) in Szeged, Hungary (a regional centre in the southeastern region, near to the Serbian border, with a population of 170,000 inhabitants). To analyse the overall structure of the relationship between objective/subjective SES, parental support, optimism and health outcomes (depression, self-perceived health), structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed. Results: Findings suggest the following: (1) SES variables generate social inequalities in adolescent depression through parental social support, particularly maternal support; and (2) parents provide youths with different levels of social support that in turn may strengthen or weaken optimism during the socialization process. Conclusions: In addressing depression prevention and treatment, we may want to take into account socio-economic differences in social networks and levels of optimism, which may influence youths’ psychosocial adjustment and development of psychopathology.

Suggested Citation

  • Bettina F Piko & Aleksandra Luszczynska & Kevin M Fitzpatrick, 2013. "Social inequalities in adolescent depression: The role of parental social support and optimism," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 59(5), pages 474-481, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:59:y:2013:i:5:p:474-481
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764012440788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Sekine, Michikazu & Tatsuse, Takashi & Kagamimori, Sadanobu & Chandola, Tarani & Cable, Noriko & Marmot, Michael & Martikainen, Pekka & Lallukka, Tea & Rahkonen, Ossi & Lahelma, Eero, 2011. "Sex inequalities in physical and mental functioning of British, Finnish, and Japanese civil servants: Role of job demand, control and work hours," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(4), pages 595-603, August.
    3. Kroenke, Candyce, 2008. "Socioeconomic status and health: Youth development and neomaterialist and psychosocial mechanisms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 31-42, January.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Dominic Weinberg & Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens & Elisa L. Duinhof & Catrin Finkenauer, 2019. "Adolescent Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health Inequalities in the Netherlands, 2001–2017," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Nagisa Mori & Azusa Arimoto & Etsuko Tadaka, 2022. "Exploring an Applied Ecological Model of the Effects of Household, School, and Community Environments on Adolescent Mental Health in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Hongxiang Guo & Wenjie Yang & Ying Cao & Jian Li & Johannes Siegrist, 2014. "Effort-Reward Imbalance at School and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Family Socioeconomic Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
    5. Moreno-Maldonado, C. & Jiménez-Iglesias, A. & Camacho, I. & Rivera, F. & Moreno, C. & Matos, M.G., 2020. "Factors associated with life satisfaction of adolescents living with employed and unemployed parents in Spain and Portugal: A person focused approach," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).

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