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The Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Perception of Physical Education Among University Students in China

Author

Listed:
  • Ling Qin
  • Walter King Yan Ho
  • Yangyang Xie
  • Jiudan Wang
  • Liangliang Cheng
  • Zhaoxia Liu
  • Lei Pan
  • Selina Khoo

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and test a University Students’ Perceptions of Physical Education (PE) Scale. The study was conducted in three phases in a southwestern city in China from December 2021 to October 2022. In Phase 1, an item pool was constructed based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews. In Phase 2, expert evaluations and university student interviews were conducted to evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire. In Phase 3, a cross-sectional study was administered to university students. Composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) for internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses were calculated for the stability reliability analysis. The validity evaluations included content, construct, and discriminant validity and an invariance test. The developed scale comprises 20 items covering six domains: habituated behavior in physical activity, self-efficacy in PE, attitude and experience in PE, skills and knowledge, classroom climate, and facilities, equipment and norms. Each domain’s CR and AVE values exceeded 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. The statistical indices of the final model were chi-square (χ2) = 458.227, degrees of freedom ( df ) = 155, Comparative Fit Index = 0.957, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.947, standardized root mean square residual = 0.061, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.066, supporting the reliability and viability of the scale. A scientific process was adopted in constructing the University Students’ Perceptions of PE Scale. High validity and reliability scores indicate the suitability of using this scale for further research.

Suggested Citation

  • Ling Qin & Walter King Yan Ho & Yangyang Xie & Jiudan Wang & Liangliang Cheng & Zhaoxia Liu & Lei Pan & Selina Khoo, 2024. "The Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Perception of Physical Education Among University Students in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(1), pages 21582440241, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:14:y:2024:i:1:p:21582440241228910
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440241228910
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Xianglong Xu & Yang Pu & Manoj Sharma & Yunshuang Rao & Yilin Cai & Yong Zhao, 2017. "Predicting Physical Activity and Healthy Nutrition Behaviors Using Social Cognitive Theory: Cross-Sectional Survey among Undergraduate Students in Chongqing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Emilio Crisol Moya & María Jesús Caurcel Cara, 2021. "Active Methodologies in Physical Education: Perception and Opinion of Students on the Pedagogical Model Used by Their Teachers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Klaas Sijtsma, 2009. "On the Use, the Misuse, and the Very Limited Usefulness of Cronbach’s Alpha," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 74(1), pages 107-120, March.
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