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How very massive atrocities end: A dataset and typology

Author

Listed:
  • Bridget Conley

    (33630Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University)

  • Chad Hazlett

    (Department of Political Science, 8783UCLA)

Abstract

Understanding how the most severe mass atrocities have historically come to an end may aid in designing policy interventions to more rapidly terminate future episodes. To facilitate research in this area, we construct a new dataset covering all 43 very large mass atrocities perpetrated by governments or non-state actors since 1945 with at least 50,000 civilian fatalities. This article introduces and summarizes these data, including an inductively generated typology of three major ending types: those in which (i) violence is carried out to its intended conclusion (37%); (ii) the perpetrator is driven out of power militarily (26%); or (iii) the perpetrator shifts to a different strategy no longer involving mass atrocities against civilians (37%). We find that international actors play a range of important roles in endings, often involving encouragement and support for policy changes that reduce mass killings. Endings could be attributed principally to armed foreign interventions in only four cases, three of which involved regime change. Within the cases we study, no ending was attributable to a neutral peacekeeping mission.

Suggested Citation

  • Bridget Conley & Chad Hazlett, 2021. "How very massive atrocities end: A dataset and typology," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 58(3), pages 612-620, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:joupea:v:58:y:2021:i:3:p:612-620
    DOI: 10.1177/0022343319900912
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacqueline H. R. DeMeritt, 2012. "International Organizations and Government Killing: Does Naming and Shaming Save Lives?," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 597-621, November.
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    Cited by:

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