False Start? An Analysis of NFL Penalties With and Without Crowds
Author
Abstract
Suggested Citation
DOI: 10.1177/15270025221148997
Download full text from publisher
References listed on IDEAS
- Hickman, Daniel C. & Metz, Neil E., 2015. "The impact of pressure on performance: Evidence from the PGA TOUR," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 319-330.
- Pettersson-Lidbom, Per & Priks, Mikael, 2010.
"Behavior under social pressure: Empty Italian stadiums and referee bias,"
Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 108(2), pages 212-214, August.
- Per Pettersson-Lidbom & Mikael Priks, 2007. "Behavior under Social Pressure: Empty Italian Stadiums and Referee Bias," CESifo Working Paper Series 1960, CESifo.
- Ge Qi, 2019. "Risk Taking and Aggression On and Off the Field: Evidence from the National Football League," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(3), pages 1-9, July.
- Brian Mills & Rodney Fort, 2014. "League-Level Attendance And Outcome Uncertainty In U.S. Pro Sports Leagues," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 52(1), pages 205-218, January.
- Bryson, Alex & Dolton, Peter & Reade, J. James & Schreyer, Dominik & Singleton, Carl, 2021.
"Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19,"
Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
- Alex Bryson & Peter Dolton & J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2020. "Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2020-18, Department of Economics, University of Reading, revised 16 Nov 2020.
- Alex Bryson & Peter Dolton & J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2020. "Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 524, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
- Bernheim, B Douglas, 1994. "A Theory of Conformity," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 102(5), pages 841-877, October.
- J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2022.
"Eliminating supportive crowds reduces referee bias,"
Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1416-1436, July.
- J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2020. "Eliminating supportive crowds reduces referee bias," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2020-25, Department of Economics, University of Reading, revised 01 Dec 2021.
- Peter Michael Dawson, 2012. "Experience, social pressure and performance: the case of soccer officials," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(9), pages 883-886, June.
- Snyder Kevin & Lopez Michael, 2015. "Consistency, accuracy, and fairness: a study of discretionary penalties in the NFL," Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, De Gruyter, vol. 11(4), pages 219-230, December.
- King, Gary & Zeng, Langche, 2001. "Logistic Regression in Rare Events Data," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 137-163, January.
- Thomas Dohmen & Jan Sauermann, 2016.
"Referee Bias,"
Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 679-695, September.
- Dohmen, Thomas & Sauermann, Jan, 2015. "Referee Bias," IZA Discussion Papers 8857, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Justin Ehrlich & Joel Potter, 2023. "Estimating the effect of attendance on home advantage in the National Basketball Association," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(11), pages 1471-1482, June.
- Croson, Rachel & Boles, Terry & Murnighan, J. Keith, 2003. "Cheap talk in bargaining experiments: lying and threats in ultimatum games," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 143-159, June.
- Bar-Eli, Michael & Krumer, Alex & Morgulev, Elia, 2020. "Ask not what economics can do for sports - Ask what sports can do for economics," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
- Michela Ponzo & Vincenzo Scoppa, 2018.
"Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies,"
Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 19(4), pages 562-582, May.
- Ponzo, Michela & Scoppa, Vincenzo, 2014. "Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence from Same-Stadium Derbies," IZA Discussion Papers 8105, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Michela Ponzo & Vincenzo Scoppa, 2014. "Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence from Same-Stadium Derbies," CSEF Working Papers 376, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
- Michela Ponzo & Vincenzo Scoppa, 2014. "Does The Home Advantage Depend On Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies," Working Papers 201402, Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Economia, Statistica e Finanza "Giovanni Anania" - DESF.
- Meyer, Bruce D, 1995.
"Natural and Quasi-experiments in Economics,"
Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 13(2), pages 151-161, April.
- Bruce D. Meyer, 1994. "Natural and Quasi- Experiments in Economics," NBER Technical Working Papers 0170, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Mattie Toma, 2017. "Missed Shots at the Free-Throw Line," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 18(6), pages 539-559, August.
- Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2021. "Does Crowd Support Drive the Home Advantage in Professional Football? Evidence from German Ghost Games during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 22(8), pages 982-1008, December.
- Battaglini, Marco & Makarov, Uliana, 2014.
"Cheap talk with multiple audiences: An experimental analysis,"
Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 147-164.
- Battaglini, Marco & Makarov, Uliana, 2010. "Cheap Talk with Multiple Audiences: an Experimental Analysis," CEPR Discussion Papers 8146, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Marco Battaglini & Uliana Makarov, 2012. "Cheap Talk with Multiple Audiences: an Experimental Analysis," Working Papers 1417, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Econometric Research Program..
- Joshua D. Pitts, 2016. "Determinants of Success in the National Football League’s Postseason," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 17(1), pages 86-111, January.
- Andrew P. Davis & Tom R. Leppard & Alexander B. Kinney, 2022. "A shame of inches: Are teams with black head coaches more heavily penalized in Division 1 college football?," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 103(2), pages 259-273, March.
- Scoppa, Vincenzo, 2021.
"Social pressure in the stadiums: Do agents change behavior without crowd support?,"
Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
- Scoppa, Vincenzo, 2020. "Social Pressure in the Stadiums: Do Agents Change Behavior without Crowd Support?," IZA Discussion Papers 13595, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Vincenzo Scoppa, 2020. "Social Pressure In The Stadiums: Do Agents Change Behavior Without Crowd Support?," Working Papers 202006, Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Economia, Statistica e Finanza "Giovanni Anania" - DESF.
- Cohen-Zada, Danny & Krumer, Alex & Rosenboim, Mosi & Shapir, Offer Moshe, 2017.
"Choking under pressure and gender: Evidence from professional tennis,"
Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 176-190.
- Cohen-Zada, Danny & Krumer, Alex & Rosenboim, Mosi & Shapir, Offer Moshe, 2017. "Choking under Pressure and Gender: Evidence from Professional Tennis," IZA Discussion Papers 10587, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Crawford, Vincent, 1998. "A Survey of Experiments on Communication via Cheap Talk," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 78(2), pages 286-298, February.
- Michael J. Lopez, 2016. "Persuaded Under Pressure: Evidence From The National Football League," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 54(4), pages 1763-1773, October.
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:
- Mario Lackner & Hendrik Sonnabend, 2024. "When performance melts away: Heat causes mental errors in high-stakes competitions," Economics working papers 2024-11, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Chowdhury, Subhasish M. & Jewell, Sarah & Singleton, Carl, 2024.
"Can awareness reduce (and reverse) identity-driven bias in judgement? Evidence from international cricket,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
- Subhasish M. Chowdhury & Sarah Jewell & Carl Singleton, 2023. "Can Awareness Reduce (and Reverse) Identity-driven Bias in Judgement? Evidence from International Cricket," Working Papers 2023017, The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics.
- Chowdhury, Subhasish M & Jewell, Sarah & Singleton, Carl, 2024. "Can Awareness Reduce (and Reverse) Identity-Driven Bias in Judgement? Evidence from International Cricket," IZA Discussion Papers 16963, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Subhasish M. Chowdhury & Sarah Jewell & Carl Singleton, 2023. "Can Awareness Reduce (and Reverse) Identity-driven Bias in Judgement? Evidence from International Cricket," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2023-10, Department of Economics, University of Reading.
- J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2022.
"Eliminating supportive crowds reduces referee bias,"
Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(3), pages 1416-1436, July.
- J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2020. "Eliminating supportive crowds reduces referee bias," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2020-25, Department of Economics, University of Reading, revised 01 Dec 2021.
- Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2022. "Home advantage in professional soccer and betting market efficiency: The role of spectator crowds," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(2), pages 294-316, May.
- Carl Singleton & J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer, 2023.
"A decade of violence and empty stadiums in Egypt: when does emotion from the terraces affect behaviour on the pitch?,"
Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(3), pages 1487-1507, September.
- Carl Singleton & J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer, 2021. "A decade of violence and empty stadiums in Egypt: When does emotion from the terraces affect behaviour on the pitch?," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2021-21, Department of Economics, University of Reading, revised 24 Jan 2023.
- Michael Christian Leitner & Frank Daumann & Florian Follert & Fabio Richlan, 2023. "The cauldron has cooled down: a systematic literature review on home advantage in football during the COVID-19 pandemic from a socio-economic and psychological perspective," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(2), pages 605-633, June.
- Ferraresi Massimiliano & Gucciardi Gianluca, 2023. "Team performance and the perception of being observed: Experimental evidence from top-level professional football," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 24(1), pages 1-31, February.
- Carl Singleton & Alex Bryson & Peter Dolton & James Reade & Dominik Schreyer, 2022. "Economics lessons from sports during the COVID-19 pandemic," Chapters, in: Paul M. Pedersen (ed.), Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19, chapter 2, pages 9-18, Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Fabrizio Colella & Patricio S. Dalton & Giovanni Giusti, 2024. "Moral Support and Performance," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(7), pages 4614-4628, July.
- Scoppa, Vincenzo, 2021.
"Social pressure in the stadiums: Do agents change behavior without crowd support?,"
Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
- Scoppa, Vincenzo, 2020. "Social Pressure in the Stadiums: Do Agents Change Behavior without Crowd Support?," IZA Discussion Papers 13595, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Vincenzo Scoppa, 2020. "Social Pressure In The Stadiums: Do Agents Change Behavior Without Crowd Support?," Working Papers 202006, Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Economia, Statistica e Finanza "Giovanni Anania" - DESF.
- Kai Fischer & Justus Haucap, 2021. "Does Crowd Support Drive the Home Advantage in Professional Football? Evidence from German Ghost Games during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 22(8), pages 982-1008, December.
- Massimiliano Ferraresi & Gianluca Gucciardi, 2020. "Team performance and audience: experimental evidence from the football sector," Working papers 94, Società Italiana di Economia Pubblica.
- Richard Faltings & Alex Krumer & Michael Lechner, 2023. "Rot‐Jaune‐Verde: On linguistic bias of referees in Swiss soccer," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(3), pages 380-406, August.
- Luke S. Benz & Michael J. Lopez, 2023. "Estimating the change in soccer’s home advantage during the Covid-19 pandemic using bivariate Poisson regression," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 107(1), pages 205-232, March.
- Bryson, Alex & Dolton, Peter & Reade, J. James & Schreyer, Dominik & Singleton, Carl, 2021.
"Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19,"
Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
- Alex Bryson & Peter Dolton & J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2020. "Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2020-18, Department of Economics, University of Reading, revised 16 Nov 2020.
- Alex Bryson & Peter Dolton & J. James Reade & Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton, 2020. "Causal effects of an absent crowd on performances and refereeing decisions during Covid-19," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 524, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
- Harb-Wu, Ken & Krumer, Alex, 2019.
"Choking under pressure in front of a supportive audience: Evidence from professional biathlon,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 246-262.
- Harb-Wu, Ken & Krumer, Alex, 2017. "Choking Under Pressure in Front of a Supportive Audience: Evidence from Professional Biathlon," Economics Working Paper Series 1717, University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science.
- Wen‐Jhan Jane, 2022. "Choking or excelling under pressure: Evidence of the causal effect of audience size on performance," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(1), pages 329-357, January.
- repec:tiu:tiutis:17173d9d-6768-4748-a789-54dfc771bd85 is not listed on IDEAS
- Hiroshi Morita & Shota Araki, 2023.
"Social pressure in football matches: an event study of ‘Remote Matches’ in Japan,"
Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(11), pages 1522-1525, June.
- ARAKI Shota & MORITA Hiroshi, 2021. "Social Pressure in Football Matches: An Event Study of "Remote Matches" in Japan," Discussion papers 21095, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
- Mauro Caselli & Paolo Falco & Babak Somekh, 2024.
"Inside the NBA Bubble: how Black players performed better without fans,"
Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(2), pages 1-20, June.
- Caselli, Mauro & Falco, Paolo & Somekh, Babak, 2022. "Inside the NBA Bubble: How Black Players Performed Better without Fans," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1178, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Dmitry Dagaev & Sofia Paklina & J. James Reade & Carl Singleton, 2024.
"The Iron Curtain and Referee Bias in International Football,"
Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 25(1), pages 126-151, January.
- Dmitry Dagaev & Sofia Paklina & J. James Reade & Carl Singleton, 2021. "The Iron Curtain and Referee Bias in International Football," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2021-14, Department of Economics, University of Reading, revised 26 Apr 2023.
- Sergio Destefanis & Francesco Addesa & Giambattista Rossi, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on home advantage: a conditional order-m analysis of football clubs’ efficiency in the top-5 European leagues," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(58), pages 6639-6655, December.
More about this item
Keywords
NFL; penalties; crowds;All these keywords.
JEL classification:
- Z20 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - General
- Z21 - Other Special Topics - - Sports Economics - - - Industry Studies
Statistics
Access and download statisticsCorrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:24:y:2023:i:6:p:695-716. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.