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Presidential Operational Codes and Foreign Policy Conflicts in the Post-Cold War World

Author

Listed:
  • Stephen G. Walker

    (Department of Political Science, Arizona State University)

  • Mark Schafer

    (Department of Political Science, Louisiana State University)

  • Michael D. Young

    (Social Science Automation Inc., Hilliard, Ohio)

Abstract

The authors investigate the linkage between presidential operational codes and the management of foreign policy conflicts during the period of strategic adjustment in American foreign policy following the cold war. Beliefs expressed in public speeches by Presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton are coded for self and other attributions that represent different forms of the exercise of political power. Bush's beliefs reveal a less cooperative, relatively inflexible approach to conflict management in the foreign policy domain, whereas Clinton's beliefs indicate a more flexible and cooperative approach. Their orientations interacted with contextual variables and the opponents' behavior to shape the selection of U.S. behavior in four post-cold war conflicts: Panama, Haiti, the Persian Gulf, and Bosnia. A favorable power position and the absence of vital or strategic U.S. interests enhanced the effect of presidential operational codes.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen G. Walker & Mark Schafer & Michael D. Young, 1999. "Presidential Operational Codes and Foreign Policy Conflicts in the Post-Cold War World," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 43(5), pages 610-625, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:43:y:1999:i:5:p:610-625
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002799043005004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Taber, Charles S., 1992. "POLI: An Expert System Model of U.S. Foreign Policy Belief Systems," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 86(4), pages 888-904, December.
    2. Goldstein, Joshua S. & Freeman, John R., 1991. "U.S.-Soviet-Chinese Relations: Routine, Reciprocity, or Rational Expectations?," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 85(1), pages 17-35, March.
    3. Baldwin, David A., 1978. "Power and Social Exchange," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 72(4), pages 1229-1242, December.
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