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A Measure of Social Media Marketing: Scale Development and Validation

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  • Mohammad Furqan Khan
  • Anisa Jan

Abstract

With the evolution of social media the world has witnessed an information explosion. The role of social media in influencing the consumer behavior is huge, but the studies conducted in these areas are insignificant. Scholars have identified different variables over time to study social media marketing, but functionality-based approach was only investigated by Babac (Impact of social-media use on brand equity of magazine brands: A qualitative study of Vogue Turkey, Unpublished Master’s thesis, 2011) and Tresna and Wijaya (iBuss Management, 3: 37–48, 2015). Tresna and Wijaya’s (iBuss Management, 3: 37–48, 2015) study was based on Instagram, therefore, their scale could not be used for Facebook, because of the difference in website functionalities. Most of the social media marketing activities are carried on Facebook and to measure these marketing efforts a research instrument is needed. Therefore, this study is an attempt to develop a measurement scale to assess the influence of social media functionalities. In order to identify the factors of social media, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was run on a sample of 122 respondents in SPSS 20. EFA was run on 34 items and seven items were removed in the first round. In the second round EFA was run on the remaining 27 items and five items were dropped. Third time when EFA was run, all 22 items loaded well on the seven factors of social media with a cumulative variance of 82.95 percent. The scales reliability was tested by using Cronbach’s alpha which was above the threshold. Further the scale was also tested for convergent and discriminant validity, that indicated positive results. Therefore, 22 items scale to measure seven functionalities of social media websites was found to be reliable and valid. This study is unique because, a measurement scale to investigate the influence of social media functionalities of Facebook is developed. Previous study was based on Instagram and only six functionalities were measured, whereas this study has filled that gap by providing a full-fledged scale to measure the seven functionalities of social media. This scale can be further used to study the impact of these seven functionalities on various dimensions of consumer-based brand equity, purchase intentions, and brand experience.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Furqan Khan & Anisa Jan, 2019. "A Measure of Social Media Marketing: Scale Development and Validation," Jindal Journal of Business Research, , vol. 8(2), pages 158-168, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jjlobr:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:158-168
    DOI: 10.1177/2278682119850285
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Godey, Bruno & Manthiou, Aikaterini & Pederzoli, Daniele & Rokka, Joonas & Aiello, Gaetano & Donvito, Raffaele & Singh, Rahul, 2016. "Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(12), pages 5833-5841.
    5. Manfred Bruhn & Verena Schoenmueller & Daniela B. Schäfer, 2012. "Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?," Management Research Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 35(9), pages 770-790, August.
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    1. Khan, Nawab Ali & Azhar, Mohd & Rahman, Mohd Nayyer & Akhtar, Mohd Junaid, 2022. "Scale development and validation for usage of social networking sites during COVID-19," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Zyad M. Alzaydi & Mohamed H. Elsharnouby, 2023. "Using social media marketing to pro-tourism behaviours: the mediating role of destination attractiveness and attitude towards the positive impacts of tourism," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.

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