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The TRIPS Agreement and the Pharmaceutical Industry in India

Author

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  • Atsuko Kamiike

Abstract

The World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) calls for the harmonization of intellectual property rights (IPRs) regulations across all WTO member countries. The TRIPS Agreement requires all WTO member countries to adopt and enforce minimum standards of intellectual property. It was assumed that the introduction of pharmaceutical product patents would hamper the Indian pharmaceutical industry’s growth. Contrary to expectations, however, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has been growing in the post-TRIPS period. The TRIPS Agreement changed the research and development (R&D) orientation of Indian pharmaceutical companies, which have increased their R&D investments. Since the TRIPS Agreement was signed, the pharmaceutical global value chain (GVC) has been re-structured and has now expanded to emerging countries like India. Indian pharmaceutical firms have thus been participating in the pharmaceutical GVC in the post-TRIPS period. This participation is conducive to technological upgrading and technology transfers. While operating in the GVC, Indian pharmaceutical firms are upgrading by adopting state-of-the-art technologies. This study explores how the TRIPS Agreement is influencing the Indian pharmaceutical industry and discusses the industry’s growth factors in the post-TRIPS period within the GVC framework. JEL: L21, L24, L26, L65

Suggested Citation

  • Atsuko Kamiike, 2020. "The TRIPS Agreement and the Pharmaceutical Industry in India," Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, , vol. 32(1), pages 95-113, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jinter:v:32:y:2020:i:1:p:95-113
    DOI: 10.1177/0260107919875573
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. DiMasi, Joseph A. & Hansen, Ronald W. & Grabowski, Henry G., 2003. "The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 151-185, March.
    2. Gereffi, Gary, 1999. "International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 37-70, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ines Kersan‐Škabić, 2022. "The COVID‐19 pandemic and the internationalization of production: A review of the literature," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 40(2), March.
    2. Bjerke, Lise, 2022. "Antibiotic geographies and access to medicines: Tracing the role of India's pharmaceutical industry in global trade," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    3. Nidhi Bagaria, 2022. "Analysing Opportunities for India in Global Value Chains in Post COVID-19 Era," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 57(3), pages 261-282, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Indian pharmaceutical industry; TRIPS Agreement; global value chain;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • L24 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • L65 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics

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