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Heterogeneity of Research and Development Expenditure: A Convergence Analysis for the Spanish Regions

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  • Francisco J. Delgado
  • Matías Mayor
  • Maria J. Presno

Abstract

In the present study, we investigate the convergence of research and development (R&D) expenditure, a relevant factor in competitiveness, across Spanish regions through a club convergence analysis for the period 2000 to 2017. The results show large regional disparities in R&D expenditure in Spain. We have identified four clusters, plus a divergent region: the Basque Country. The results are similar for the two perspectives considered: percentage of GDP and per capita. We discuss these results taking into account the effects of the Great Recession and compare the outcomes with those for a club convergence of regional GDP per capita. Finally, we carry out an ordered logit model to analyse the factors behind the clusters, with human capital and economic openness being significant.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco J. Delgado & Matías Mayor & Maria J. Presno, 2024. "Heterogeneity of Research and Development Expenditure: A Convergence Analysis for the Spanish Regions," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 47(1), pages 67-99, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:inrsre:v:47:y:2024:i:1:p:67-99
    DOI: 10.1177/01600176221145882
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Martin Falk, 2006. "What drives business Research and Development (R&D) intensity across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 533-547.
    2. Alessandro Muscio & Alasdair Reid & Lorena Rivera Leon, 2015. "An empirical test of the regional innovation paradox: can smart specialisation overcome the paradox in Central and Eastern Europe?," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 153-171, April.
    3. repec:bla:rdevec:v:4:y:2000:i:3:p:244-57 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Bart Verspagen, 2010. "The spatial hierarchy of technological change and economic development in Europe," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 45(1), pages 109-132, August.
    5. Alessandro Muscio & Alasdair Reid & Lorena Rivera Leon, 2015. "An empirical test of the regional innovation paradox: can smart specialisation overcome the paradox in Central and Eastern Europe?," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 153-171, June.
    6. Henrik Braconier, 2000. "Do Higher Per Capita Incomes Lead to More R&D Expenditure?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(3), pages 244-257, October.
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