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Environmental Equity in Canada: An Empirical Investigation into the Income Distribution of Pollution in Ontario

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  • M Jerrett
  • J Eyles
  • D Cole

    (Environmental Health Program and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1)

  • S Reader

    (Department of Geography, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1)

Abstract

In this paper, we attempt to contribute to the growing environmental justice debate by exploring environmental equity in the forty-nine counties of Ontario, Canada. We use multiple regression analysis to address a central research question: what variables predict the location of pollution emissions? Data were extracted from the 1993 National Pollutant Release Inventory and the 1991 Census of Canada to assess relationships among socioeconomic class variables, industrial and land-use variables, and pollution emissions. The results agree with the findings of recent US studies. Manufacturing employment, urbanization variables, dwelling value, and household income were all significantly related to pollution emissions. These relationships took the same direction as in most of the US studies. In total, the four variables account for about 63% of the variation in pollution emissions (adjusted R 2 = 0.626, p

Suggested Citation

  • M Jerrett & J Eyles & D Cole & S Reader, 1997. "Environmental Equity in Canada: An Empirical Investigation into the Income Distribution of Pollution in Ontario," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 29(10), pages 1777-1800, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:29:y:1997:i:10:p:1777-1800
    DOI: 10.1068/a291777
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James T. Hamilton, 1995. "Testing for environmental racism: Prejudice, profits, political power?," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(1), pages 107-132.
    2. Eyles, John & Taylor, S.Martin & Johnson, Nancy & Baxter, Jamie, 1993. "Worrying about waste: Living close to solid waste disposal facilities in Southern Ontario," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 805-812, September.
    3. Baumol,William J. & Oates,Wallace E., 1988. "The Theory of Environmental Policy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521322249.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rainham, Daniel, 2007. "Do differences in health make a difference? A review for health policymakers," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(2-3), pages 123-132, December.
    2. Bruce Muir & Annie Booth, 2012. "An environmental justice analysis of caribou recovery planning, protection of an Indigenous culture, and coal mining development in northeast British Columbia, Canada," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 455-476, August.
    3. Julian Agyeman, 2014. "Environmental justice and sustainability," Chapters, in: Giles Atkinson & Simon Dietz & Eric Neumayer & Matthew Agarwala (ed.), Handbook of Sustainable Development, chapter 12, pages 188-205, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Annie Booth & Norm Skelton, 2011. "“You spoil everything!” Indigenous peoples and the consequences of industrial development in British Columbia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 685-702, August.

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