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“Who is an Entrepreneur?†Is a Question Worth Asking

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Listed:
  • James W. Carland
  • Frank Hoy
  • Jo Ann C. Carland

Abstract

This paper is a response to Gartner's critique of definitions posited by Carland, Hoy, Boulton and Carland (1984) for “entrepreneur†and “small business owner.†The paper concludes that both trait and behavioral approaches to research are necessary in order to understand the concept of entrepreneurship.

Suggested Citation

  • James W. Carland & Frank Hoy & Jo Ann C. Carland, 1988. "“Who is an Entrepreneur?†Is a Question Worth Asking," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 12(4), pages 33-39, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:entthe:v:12:y:1988:i:4:p:33-39
    DOI: 10.1177/104225878801200402
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Birley, Sue, 1987. "New ventures and employment growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 155-165.
    2. Donald L. Sexton, 1987. "Advancing Small Business Research: Utilizing Research from Other Areas," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 11(3), pages 25-30, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Bradley R. Johnson, 1990. "Toward a Multidimensional Model of Entrepreneurship: The Case of Achievement Motivation and the Entrepreneur," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 14(3), pages 39-54, April.
    2. , Aisdl, 2020. "Barriers to Entrepreneurship in Ho Chi Minh City," OSF Preprints sh32d, Center for Open Science.
    3. Michael Haynie & Dean A. Shepherd, 2009. "A Measure of Adaptive Cognition for Entrepreneurship Research," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(3), pages 695-714, May.
    4. Douglas W. Naffziger & Jeffrey S. Hornsby & Donald F. Kuratko, 1994. "A Proposed Research Model of Entrepreneurial Motivation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 18(3), pages 29-42, April.
    5. Denis A. Grégoire & Martin X. Noël & Richard Déry & Jean–Pierre Béchard, 2006. "Is There Conceptual Convergence in Entrepreneurship Research? A Co–Citation Analysis of Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 1981–2004," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 30(3), pages 333-373, May.
    6. William R. Sandberg, 1992. "Strategic Management's Potential Contributions to a Theory of Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 16(3), pages 73-90, April.
    7. Gerhard R. Plaschka & Harold P. Welsch, 1990. "Emerging Structures in Entrepreneurship Education: Curricular Designs and Strategies," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 14(3), pages 55-71, April.
    8. Sascha G. Walter & Achim Walter, 2009. "Personenbezogene Determinanten von Unternehmensgründungen: Stand der Forschung und Perspektiven des Fortschritts," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 57-89, February.
    9. Elizabeth J. Gatewood & Kelly G. Shaver & Joshua B. Powers & William B. Gartner, 2002. "Entrepreneurial Expectancy, Task Effort, and Performance," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 27(2), pages 187-206, April.

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