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Renewable Portfolio Standards

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  • Rachel Feldman
  • Arik Levinson

Abstract

State-level renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) aim to encourage renewable energy and discourage greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electric power sector in the United States. Do they work? Some prominent government agencies and advocacy groups assert that U.S. renewables growth has been largely due to RPSs. That seems unlikely, given that in most regions, renewables exceed RPS requirements. But it is not an easy question to answer, thanks to interstate trading and the possibility that states with abundant renewable resources might set the most ambitious RPS goals. We combine the best features of four recent academic studies, using ordinary least-squares and instrumental variables approaches. In some specifications, RPSs do appear to reduce the use of natural gas to generate electricity and decrease GHG emissions, while boosting the use of wind and solar power. But the effects are small—consistent with the academic findings and in contrast to the public claims and policy goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Rachel Feldman & Arik Levinson, 2023. "Renewable Portfolio Standards," The Energy Journal, , vol. 44(5), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:enejou:v:44:y:2023:i:5:p:1-20
    DOI: 10.5547/01956574.44.4.rfel
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alex Hollingsworth & Ivan Rudik, 2019. "External Impacts of Local Energy Policy: The Case of Renewable Portfolio Standards," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 6(1), pages 187-213.
    2. Thomas P. Lyon & Haitao Yin, 2010. "Why Do States Adopt Renewable Portfolio Standards?: An Empirical Investigation," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 3), pages 133-158.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sanjay B. Singh & Talal H. Alsabhan & Reem Alshagri, 2024. "Evaluating the Policy Implications of Renewable Portfolio Standards on Grid Reliability in the United States: An Instrumental Variable Quantile Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Simshauser, Paul & Newbery, David, 2024. "Non-firm vs priority access: On the long run average and marginal costs of renewables in Australia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    3. Su, Q. & Zhou, P. & Ding, H. & Xydis, G., 2024. "Transition towards a hybrid energy system: Combined effects of renewable portfolio standards and carbon emission trading," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).

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