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Le renouvellement de la pensée économique durant la crise des années 1930. Le découplage théorie économique / politique économique

Author

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  • Ponsot, Jean-François
  • Rocca, Michel

Abstract

L’article s’intéresse à l’évolution de la pensée économique lorsqu’elle est confrontée à une grave crise économique et financière, en prenant pour objet d’étude la crise des années 1930. Il montre qu’il convient de nuancer une vision kuhnienne selon laquelle la crise induirait nécessairement des avancées théoriques nouvelles qui contribueraient à l’émergence spontanée d’un nouveau paradigme et, partant, influenceraient la mise en œuvre de politique de sortie de crises innovantes (hétérodoxes) par les policy makers. Certes la crise des années 1930 a favorisé l’éclosion de nouvelles approches théoriques et mis sur les rails la « révolution keynésienne ». Mais leur émergence est non seulement antérieure à la crise, le renouvellement théorique étant par ailleurs complexe et peu assimilable à un processus continu. Quant au policy maker initiateur de politiques innovantes de sortie de crise (par exemple Roosevelt et le New Deal), il a davantage été guidé par le pragmatisme et la nécessité d’apporter des réponses concrètes à la crise que par les prescriptions de la nouvelle théorie économique en gestation. L’article conclut que la crise conduit à un découplage théorie économique / politique économique complexe s’appuyant sur la concomitance de trois dynamiques à l’œuvre : renouvellement de la pensée standard, émergence d’éléments théoriques hétérodoxes et mise en action de politiques publiques innovantes. Le nouveau « paradigme », s’il existe, n’est que le résultat de ces trois dynamiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Ponsot, Jean-François & Rocca, Michel, 2013. "Le renouvellement de la pensée économique durant la crise des années 1930. Le découplage théorie économique / politique économique," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 13.
  • Handle: RePEc:rvr:journl:2013:10229
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kindleberger,, 2008. "Financial Crises," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521068710, October.
    2. Bernard Gazier, 2009. "John Maynard Keynes," Post-Print halshs-00432997, HAL.
    3. Bernard Gazier, 2009. "John Maynard Keynes," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00432997, HAL.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    crise; histoire de la pensée économique; Keynes; New Deal; Crisis; History of economic thought; Keynes; New Deal; Crisis; historia del pensamiento económico; Keynes; New Deal;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B22 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Macroeconomics
    • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General

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