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Modelling Competitive Behavior

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  • Daniel R. Vincent

Abstract

A single seller of an indivisible object wishes to sell the good to one of many buyers. The seller has zero value for the good, the buyers have a commonly known identical value of one. This article attempts to determine strategic environments that ensure the seller's ability to exploit the competitive behavior of the buyers to extract all the surplus in the game. I show that in many simple dynamic games, there are subgame-perfect equilibria that involve the seller's giving up the good for free. Even if the seller has an informational advantage that allows him to keep bidders from learning the bidding behavior of their opponents, there still exist (perfect Bayesian) equilibria that involve a sale at the price of zero. However, in this case, a simple refinement in the spirit of sequential equilibria can be used to rule out such collusive behavior and to show that the unique equilibrium outcome satisfying this refinement yields the seller a price of one.

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  • Daniel R. Vincent, 1992. "Modelling Competitive Behavior," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 23(4), pages 590-599, Winter.
    • Handle: RePEc:rje:randje:v:23:y:1992:i:winter:p:590-599
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    1. Rubinstein, Ariel, 1982. "Perfect Equilibrium in a Bargaining Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 97-109, January.
    2. Kreps, David M & Wilson, Robert, 1982. "Sequential Equilibria," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 863-894, July.
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    6. Lawrence Ausubel & Raymond Deneckere, 1985. "One is Almost Enough for Monopoly," Discussion Papers 669, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
    7. Milgrom, Paul R & Weber, Robert J, 1982. "A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(5), pages 1089-1122, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thomas, Charles J., 2018. "An alternating-offers model of multilateral negotiations," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 269-293.
    2. Hendrikse, George W.J., 2006. "On the Coexistence of Spot and Contract Markets: a Delivery Requirement Explanation," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21041, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    3. Yunjian Xu & Katrina Ligett, 2018. "Commitment in first-price auctions," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 66(2), pages 449-489, August.
    4. Wooders, John, 1998. "Walrasian equilibrium in matching models," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 245-259, May.

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