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Spatial Effects of Innovation Variety and Trade Openness on Innovation Outputs

Author

Listed:
  • Octavian, BĂRNUȚIU

    (West University of Timisoara, Ec. PhD Candidates (ROMANIA))

  • Andrei, MOROC

    (West University of Timisoara, Ec. PhD Candidates (ROMANIA))

Abstract

The paper analyzes the spatial effects of innovation variety and trade openness on innovation performance using a data set for 30 European countries during 2007-2017. The estimations illustrate the presence of spatial dependencies that affect the mechanisms of knowledge distribution and the magnitude of the effects of the various determinants of innovation. Considering spatial dependence, diversified agglomerations (urbanization economies) can induce important inferences to improve the innovation outputs. So, related innovation activities based on technology fields are a real, constant and significant support for better innovation outcomes. A key role can likewise play the R&D expenditures within the business sector. A high share of engineers and scientists in science and technology also contribute to innovation enhancement, but the general level of tertiary educated labor force do not have a uniform positive effect, contrary to expectations. Regarding the spatial effects, the results are relevant especially concerning the direct effects and less through indirect (spillovers) effects. Including more open services imports can induce a some positive direct influence on the international patent applications. In the empirical assessments, we used spatial econometric procedures that take into account the spatial dependencies, as weights matrices and specific tests prove.

Suggested Citation

  • Octavian, BĂRNUȚIU & Andrei, MOROC, 2019. "Spatial Effects of Innovation Variety and Trade Openness on Innovation Outputs," Journal of Economic and Social Development, Clinical Journals Press, vol. 6(01), pages 01-08, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:joeasd:0097
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Feldman, Maryann P. & Kogler, Dieter F., 2010. "Stylized Facts in the Geography of Innovation," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 381-410, Elsevier.
    2. Jaffe, Adam B, 1989. "Real Effects of Academic Research," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(5), pages 957-970, December.
    3. Koen Frenken & Frank Van Oort & Thijs Verburg, 2007. "Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Economic Growth," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(5), pages 685-697.
    4. Zvi Griliches, 1998. "Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth," NBER Chapters, in: R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, pages 17-45, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Ariel Pakes & Zvi Griliches, 1984. "Patents and R&D at the Firm Level: A First Look," NBER Chapters, in: R&D, Patents, and Productivity, pages 55-72, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    patent applications; unrelated and related variety; direct and spillover effects; export and import openness; diversification and concentration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • A11 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Role of Economics; Role of Economists

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