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Offre de travail des femmes mariées immigrantes au Canada

Author

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  • Boudarbat, Brahim

    (Université de Montréal, CIRANO)

  • Gontero, Sonia Ines

    (Université de Montréal)

Abstract

This paper examines the differences in labour supply between married immigrant women and married native women in Canada. Using data from the 2001 Canadian census, we find that immigrant women have a lower labour force participation rate than native women (70.6 versus 77.8). Among immigrants, those coming from Asia are the less likely to participate in the labour market. This result is important given the fact that Asia is becoming the main source of immigration in Canada. Also, we find that the wage elasticity of the labour supply is twice and a half higher for native women compared to immigrants (0.18 versus 0.072). This difference in labour supply’s responses might indicate that immigrant women have limited choices regarding the labour market participation, perhaps because of cultural constraints regarding the role of woman within the household, or because of the difficulties to find employment. Finally, we find that the wage elasticity of the labour supply is slightly higher for immigrants from Europe compared to immigrants from other regions (0.082 versus 0.058), but remains significantly lower than the wage elasticity for native women. Cette étude analyse l’offre de travail des femmes mariées selon le statut d’immigration au Canada. Nos résultats empiriques obtenus à l’aide des données du recensement canadien de 2001, indiquent que les femmes immigrantes ont un taux d’activité plus faible comparativement aux natives. Les immigrantes provenant d’Asie sont les moins susceptibles de participer au marché du travail alors que, parallèlement, cette région est devenue la source d’immigration la plus importante au Canada. Par ailleurs, nous trouvons que l’élasticité de l’offre de travail par rapport au salaire horaire est deux fois et demie plus élevée pour les natives comparativement aux immigrantes (0,18 contre 0,072). Ce faible degré de réponse des femmes immigrantes aux signaux du marché du travail, pourrait indiquer qu’elles ont moins de choix dans les faits à cause, peut-être, de contraintes culturelles quant à la position de la femme au sein du ménage, ou encore à cause des difficultés d’accès à l’emploi auxquelles font face les immigrantes. Enfin, nous trouvons que les immigrantes européennes ont une élasticité de l’offre de travail par rapport au salaire qui est légèrement supérieure à celle des autres immigrantes (0,082 contre 0,058), mais qui demeure significativement inférieure à celle des natives.

Suggested Citation

  • Boudarbat, Brahim & Gontero, Sonia Ines, 2008. "Offre de travail des femmes mariées immigrantes au Canada," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 84(2), pages 129-153, juin.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:84:y:2008:i:2:p:129-153
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    1. Reimers, Cordelia W, 1985. "Cultural Differences in Labor Force Participation among Married Women," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(2), pages 251-255, May.
    2. Picot, Garnett & Sweetman, Arthur, 2005. "Degradation du bien-etre economique des immigrants et causes possibles : mise a jour 2005," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2005262f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    3. Alicia Adsera & Barry Chiswick, 2007. "Are there gender and country of origin differences in immigrant labor market outcomes across European destinations?," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 20(3), pages 495-526, July.
    4. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    5. Nakamura, Masao & Nakamura, Alice & Cullen, Dallas, 1979. "Job Opportunities, the Offered Wage, and the Labor Supply of Married Women," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 69(5), pages 787-805, December.
    6. Coulombe, Simon & Frenette, Marc, 2007. "Est-ce que l'enseignement superieur chez les jeunes femmes a considerablement reduit l'ecart entre les sexes en matiere d'emploi et de revenu?," Direction des études analytiques : documents de recherche 2007301f, Statistics Canada, Direction des études analytiques.
    7. Chris Robinson & Nigel Tomes, 1985. "More on the Labour Supply of Canadian Women," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 18(1), pages 156-163, February.
    8. Nakamura, Alice & Nakamura, Masao, 1981. "A Comparison of the Labor Force Behavior of Married Women in the United States and Canada, with Special Attention to the Impact of Income Taxes," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(2), pages 451-489, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brahim Boudarbat & Marie Connolly, 2013. "Évolution de l'accès à l'emploi et des conditions de travail des immigrants au Québec, en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique entre 2006 et 2012," CIRANO Working Papers 2013s-28, CIRANO.
    2. Christine A. Walsh & Jill Hanley & Nicole Ives & Shawn Renee Hordyk, 2016. "Exploring the Experiences of Newcomer Women with Insecure Housing in Montréal Canada," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 887-904, August.

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