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Économies d’échelle et de gamme dans les coopératives de services financiers : une approche non paramétrique (DEA)

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  • Leclerc, André

    (Chaire des caisses populaires acadiennes en gestion des coopératives, Université de Moncton)

  • Fortin, Mario

    (Département d’économique, GREDI, Université de Sherbrooke)

Abstract

When both economies of scale and scope are simultaneously observed, merger tends to reduce costs. Numerous empirical studies have already established that beyond a certain size, banks’ costs tend to become proportional, thus establishing a limit to economies of scale and scope. We verify if the important merger process of Desjardins and Acadian credit unions started in 1998 pushed them beyond the more efficient scale size. An initial analysis, using exponential smoothing, show that the average operating cost stops decreasing when the asset reaches 250 million Canadian dollars. A more formal analysis, using a Data envelopment analysis model is applied to the data set. Our empirical approach applies the method proposed by Fortin & Leclerc (2006) to decompose economies of scope into scale efficiency and a measure of the convexity of the production function. The search for optimal size does not seem to be the first concern in the decision to merge. Résumé : Lorsque des économies d’échelle et de gamme sont simultanément présentes, le regroupement des établissements tend à réduire les coûts. Puisque de nombreuses études empiriques ont déjà établi que les coûts des banques tendent à devenir proportionnels au-delà d’une certaine taille, il y aurait une limite à ces économies d’échelle et de gamme dans l’industrie bancaire. Nous étudions si l’important processus de fusions des caisses Desjardins et des caisses acadiennes entrepris en 1998 les a poussées au-delà de leur seuil minimal d’efficacité. Une analyse initiale à l’aide du lissage exponentiel montre que le coût moyen d’opération cesse de diminuer lorsque l’actif d’une caisse atteint 250 millions de dollars. Nous effectuons cependant une analyse plus formelle à l’aide de la méthode du Data envelopment analysis (DEA) et utilisons un résultat de Fortin et Leclerc (2006) pour décomposer les économies de gamme en efficacité d’échelle et en une mesure de convexité de la fonction de production. En combinant cette décomposition avec les méthodes maintenant bien connues pour calculer l’efficacité d’échelle avec le DEA, nous montrons que la plupart des fusions ont amené la caisse fusionnée à une taille telle qu’elle se situe en situation de rendement d’échelle décroissant. La recherche de la taille optimale ne semble donc pas être la première préoccupation dans la décision de fusion.

Suggested Citation

  • Leclerc, André & Fortin, Mario, 2009. "Économies d’échelle et de gamme dans les coopératives de services financiers : une approche non paramétrique (DEA)," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 85(3), pages 263-282, septembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:0018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Mohamed Dia & Pawoumodom M. Takouda & Amirmohsen Golmohammadi, 2022. "Assessing the performance of Canadian credit unions using a three-stage network bootstrap DEA," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 311(2), pages 641-673, April.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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