IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rbs/ijbrss/v10y2021i5p235-244.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Relationship lending and access to financial services by SMEs in Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Edward Kiringa

    (Kanyyatta University)

  • Fredrick W.S. Ndede

    (Kanyyatta University)

  • Argan Wekesa

    (Kanyyatta University)

Abstract

Policymakers and scholars acknowledge the significance of small and medium enterprises in stirring the economic growth and development in developing and developed economies. In spite of the generally fast pace by which access to financial services for small and medium enterprises is being established, significant segments of the small and medium enterprises sector do not yet benefit from the expansion. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of relationship lending on access to financial services by small and medium enterprises in Kenya. The study was based on credit rationing theory and information asymmetry theory. The target population comprised 4,253 small and medium enterprises in Kenya. A sample size of 366 SMEs was used by the study. The study adopted a multistage sampling technique to obtain the SME respondents. Primary data was utilized and was acquired through semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics utilizing Heckman two-stage regression model. The study findings showed that relationship lending had a positive and significant effect on access to financial services among SMEs in Kenya. The study concluded that relationship lending plays a critical role in access to financial services by SMEs in Kenya. The study recommends that SMEs owners should strive to meet the terms and conditions provided by lending institutions in their various financing practices while management of the lending institutions should adopt financing practices favorable to SMEs to increase their access to financial services. Key Words: Relationship Lending, Financial Services, SMEs, Kenya

Suggested Citation

  • Edward Kiringa & Fredrick W.S. Ndede & Argan Wekesa, 2021. "Relationship lending and access to financial services by SMEs in Kenya," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(5), pages 235-244, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:rbs:ijbrss:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:235-244
    DOI: 10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1242
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.ssbfnet.com/ojs/index.php/ijrbs/article/view/1242/969
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1242
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1242?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beatriz, Mikael & Coffinet, Jérôme & Nicolas, Théo, 2022. "Relationship lending and SMEs’ funding costs over the cycle: Why diversification of borrowing matters," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    2. Sugato Chakravarty & Abu Zafar Shahriar, 2010. "Relationship Lending in Microcredit: Evidence from Bangladesh," Working Papers 1005, Purdue University, Department of Consumer Sciences.
    3. Patrick Bolton & Xavier Freixas & Leonardo Gambacorta & Paolo Emilio Mistrulli, 2016. "Relationship and Transaction Lending in a Crisis," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(10), pages 2643-2676.
    4. Ferri, Giovanni & Murro, Pierluigi, 2015. "Do firm–bank ‘odd couples’ exacerbate credit rationing?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 231-251.
    5. Ryan Banerjee & Enrico Sette & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2017. "The real effects of relationship lending," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1133, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    6. Beck, T.H.L. & Degryse, H.A. & de Haas, R. & van Horen, N., 2014. "When Arm’s Length is Too Far : Relationship Banking over the Business Cycle," Other publications TiSEM 29d22f6a-3971-4165-8d51-4, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    7. Yuhuan Jin & Sheng Zhang, 2019. "Credit Rationing in Small and Micro Enterprises: A Theoretical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, March.
    8. Ammad Zafar & Sadaf Mustafa, 2017. "SMEs and its Role in Economic and Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 7(4), pages 195-205, October.
    9. Ricardo N. Bebczuk, 2004. "What Determines the Access to Credit by SMEs in Argentina?," Department of Economics, Working Papers 048, Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    10. Sasan Bakhtiari & Robert Breunig & Lisa Magnani & Jacquelyn Zhang, 2020. "Financial Constraints and Small and Medium Enterprises: A Review," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 96(315), pages 506-523, December.
    11. Thorsten Beck & Hans Degryse & Ralph De Haas & Neeltje van Horen, 2014. "When arm’s length is too far: relationship banking over the business cycle," Working Papers 169, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.
    12. Cenni, Stefano & Monferrà, Stefano & Salotti, Valentina & Sangiorgi, Marco & Torluccio, Giuseppe, 2015. "Credit rationing and relationship lending. Does firm size matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 249-265.
    13. Hezron Mogaka Osano & Hilario Languitone, 2016. "Factors influencing access to finance by SMEs in Mozambique: case of SMEs in Maputo central business district," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Marshall Freimer & Myron J. Gordon, 1965. "Why Bankers Ration Credit," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 79(3), pages 397-416.
    15. Tamer Bakiciol, 2017. "The Impact of Durable Relationship with Banks when Crisis Hits," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(11), pages 2609-2624, November.
    16. repec:zbw:bofitp:2014_014 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Ferri, Giovanni & Murro, Pierluigi & Peruzzi, Valentina & Rotondi, Zeno, 2019. "Bank lending technologies and credit availability in Europe: What can we learn from the crisis?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 128-148.
    18. D'Aurizio, Leandro & Oliviero, Tommaso & Romano, Livio, 2015. "Family firms, soft information and bank lending in a financial crisis," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 279-292.
    19. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June.
    20. Mariarosaria Agostino & Francesco Trivieri, 2017. "Collateral in lending relationships. A study on European SMEs microdata," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 339-356, May.
    21. Sahar Loukil & Anis Jarboui, 2016. "Empirical determinants of relationship lending," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 1163773-116, December.
    22. Ashenafi Beyene Fanta, 2016. "Complementarity between Relationship Lending and Collateral in SME Access to Bank Credit: Evidence from Ethiopia," Journal of African Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 308-318, September.
    23. Minetti, Raoul & Zhu, Susan Chun, 2011. "Credit constraints and firm export: Microeconomic evidence from Italy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(2), pages 109-125, March.
    24. Mr. Armand P Fouejieu & Anta Ndoye & Tetyana Sydorenko, 2020. "Unlocking Access to Finance for SMEs: A Cross-Country Analysis," IMF Working Papers 2020/055, International Monetary Fund.
    25. Mohammed Ziaul Hoque & Nilufar Sultana & Tasmia Thalil, 2016. "Credit rationing’s determinants of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Chittagong, Bangladesh," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 6(1), pages 1-23, December.
    26. Berg, Gunhild & Schrader, Jan, 2012. "Access to credit, natural disasters, and relationship lending," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 549-568.
    27. Nguyen, Thi Nhung & Gan, Christopher & Hu, Baiding, 2015. "An empirical analysis of credit accessibility of small and medium sized enterprises in Vietnam," MPRA Paper 81911, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
    28. Beck, Thorsten & de Haas, Ralph & Degryse, Hans & Van Horen, Neeltje, 2014. "When Arm’s Length Is Too Far. Relationship Banking over the Business Cycle," CEPR Discussion Papers 10050, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ferri, Giovanni & Murro, Pierluigi & Peruzzi, Valentina & Rotondi, Zeno, 2019. "Bank lending technologies and credit availability in Europe: What can we learn from the crisis?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 128-148.
    2. Marcello D'Amato & Christian Di Pietro & Marco M. Sorge, 2019. "Serving the (Un)Deserving? The Allocation of Credit in Markets with Asymmetrically Informed Lenders," CSEF Working Papers 539, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    3. López-Espinosa, Germán & Mayordomo, Sergio & Moreno, Antonio, 2017. "When does relationship lending start to pay?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 16-29.
    4. Murro, Pierluigi & Peruzzi, Valentina, 2019. "Family firms and access to credit. Is family ownership beneficial?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 173-187.
    5. Gabriele Angori & David Aristei, 2020. "Heterogeneity and state dependence in firms’ access to credit: Microevidence from the euro area," SEEDS Working Papers 0220, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, revised Feb 2020.
    6. Choudhary, M. Ali & Jain, Anil, 2022. "Finance and inequality: The distributional impacts of bank credit rationing," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Pierluigi Murro & Valentina Peruzzi, 2022. "Relationship lending and the use of trade credit: the role of relational capital and private information," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 327-360, June.
    8. Murro, Pierluigi & Oliviero, Tommaso & Zazzaro, Alberto, 2023. "Relationship Lending and Employment Decisions in Firms’ Bad Times," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 58(6), pages 2657-2691, September.
    9. García-Posada, Miguel & Marchetti, Marcos, 2016. "The bank lending channel of unconventional monetary policy: The impact of the VLTROs on credit supply in Spain," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 427-441.
    10. Ferri, Giovanni & Murro, Pierluigi & Pini, Marco, 2020. "Credit rationing and the relationship between family businesses and banks in Italy," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    11. Vinogradov, Dmitri & Makhlouf, Yousef, 2021. "Two faces of financial systems: Provision of services versus shock-smoothing," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    12. Neema Mori & Godfrey Ng’urah, 2020. "The Influence of Relationship Lending on SMEs Loan Repayment Performance," Emerging Economy Studies, International Management Institute, vol. 6(2), pages 166-178, November.
    13. Bartz, Wiebke & Winkler, Adalbert, 2016. "Flexible or fragile? The growth performance of small and young businesses during the global financial crisis — Evidence from Germany," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 196-215.
    14. D’Amato Marcello & Di Pietro Christian & Pietroluongo Mariafortuna & Sorge Marco M., 2021. "Good Co(o)p or Bad Co(o)p? Redistribution Concerns and Competition in Credit Markets with Imperfect Information," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 21(2), pages 657-694, April.
    15. Christophe Godlewski & Dorota Skala & Laurent Weill, 2019. "Is Lending by Polish Cooperative Banks Procyclical?," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 69(4), pages 342-365, August.
    16. D’Amato Marcello & Di Pietro Christian & Sorge Marco M., 2020. "Credit allocation in heterogeneous banking systems," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 21(1), pages 1-33, April.
    17. Hubert Tchakoute Tchuigoua, 2023. "Loan officer gender and loan repayment performance. Evidence from greenfield microfinance institutions in Cameroon1," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94(2), pages 519-548, June.
    18. Bertrand, Jérémie & Klein, Paul-Olivier, 2021. "Creditor information registries and relationship lending," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    19. Michael Demoussis & Konstantinos Drakos & Nicholas Giannakopoulos, 2017. "The impact of sovereign ratings on euro zone SMEs’ credit rationing," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 44(5), pages 745-764, October.
    20. Ferrando, Annalisa & Popov, Alexander & Udell, Gregory F., 2015. "Sovereign stress, unconventional monetary policy, and SME access to finance," Working Paper Series 1820, European Central Bank.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rbs:ijbrss:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:235-244. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Umit Hacioglu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ssbffea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.