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35 heures : réduction réduite

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  • Éric Heyer
  • Xavier Timbeau

Abstract

[fre] Depuis le 1er février 2000, la durée légale du travail est fixée, en France, à 35 heures par semaine (au lieu de 39 heures) pour l'ensemble des entreprises du secteur privé déplus de 20 salariés. Dans ce travail, nous menons, sur la base des faits existants, un scénario prospectif d'application des 35 heures en France et une analyse prospective des impacts macroéconomiques, en particulier de l'impact sur l'emploi et le chômage : dans l'hypothèse où l'ensemble des salariés seront, à terme, couverts par un accord 35 heures, l'impact final sur l'emploi serait d'environ 480 000. Nous comparons ensuite les 35 heures à une mesure de baisse de charges afin de pouvoir séparer dans « la mesure 35 heures » ce qui est dû à la réduction de la durée du travail et ce qui est attribuable à la simple baisse de charges. A cert égard, il ressort de nos simulations que l'effet sur l'emploi est près de deux fois moins élevé lorsque l'allégement de charges n'est assorti d'aucune condition en matière de réduction de la durée du travail. Enfin, nous rappelons les éléments du débat théorique et concluons que la pertinence des 35 heures est liée au diagnostic que l'on porte sur le chômage français et en particulier sur l'importance de sa composante structurelle. [eng] Working time in France : reduce reduction. Eric Heyer, Xavier Timbeau. Since lst February 2000, the legal working time is fixed, in France, to 35 hours by week for the private sector. We lead a prospective scenario of application of « 35 hours policy » and a prospective analysis of macroeconomic impacts. According to us, the « 35 hours policy » could allow an increase in employment of approximately 480 000 at the beginning of 2002. Furthermore we compare this policy of the generai reduction of work duration (RWD) to a measure of reduction of labour cost so as to separate in this RWD what is had to the reduction of working time and what is attributable to the simple declines load. The results of our simulations sheds light that, the effect on the employment is near twice less raised when the eut tax is not matched with RWD.. JEL codes : E17, E24 J23.

Suggested Citation

  • Éric Heyer & Xavier Timbeau, 2000. "35 heures : réduction réduite," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 74(1), pages 53-95.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_2000_num_74_1_1605
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.2000.1605
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.2000.1605
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    1. Philippe Askenazy, 2003. "Dynamique de l’innovation organisationnelle lors de la réduction du temps de travail : évidences sur la France des années quatre-vingt-dix," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 158(2), pages 27-45.
    2. Xavier Timbeau & Christophe Blot & Éric Heyer & Mathieu Plane, 2007. "Contribution sur la valeur ajoutée : emplois à tout prix ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 100(1), pages 265-296.
    3. repec:aia:aiaswp:wp5 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/1759 is not listed on IDEAS
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    6. Jean Pisani-Ferry, 2003. "The Surprising French Employment Performance: What Lessons?," CESifo Working Paper Series 1078, CESifo.
    7. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1759 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Matthieu Bunel, 2004. "Aides incitatives et déterminants des embauches des établissements passés aux 35 heures," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 376(1), pages 91-115.
    9. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/1759 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E17 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand

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