IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/rvofce/ofce_0751-6614_1998_num_66_1_1511.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Positionnement conjoncturel du Royaume-Uni et UEM

Author

Listed:
  • Paul-Emmanuel Micolet

Abstract

[fre] Avec une croissance du PIB réel estimée à 3,5% en 1997 et malgré une pause en 1995, la phase d'expansion de l'économie du Royaume-Uni est entrée dans sa sixième année. Cette situation contraste avec celle des principaux autres pays européens, notamment de Allemagne, dont les économies semblent seulement aujourd'hui s'engager dans une réelle reprise. L'un des symptômes de ces situations conjoncturelles contrastées est le différentiel des taux intérêt courts entre le Royaume-Uni et le reste de l'Europe. Ce différentiel interdit une convergence immédiate des taux du Royaume-Uni sur un taux européen qui devrait être relativement plus bas, et par là même, justifie le choix fait par le gouvernement Blair de ne pas faire entrer la livre dans l'euro. L'objet de cette étude est de déterminer dans quelle mesure le Royaume-Uni peut être structurellement une source de chocs asymétriques temporaires potentiellement coûteux à la fois pour ce pays et pour l'ensemble de la zone euro. En fait, depuis les années soixante-dix le cycle du produit du Royaume-Uni apparaît être fortement lié au cycle des États- Unis et de moins en moins lié au cycle du noyau dur européen par rapport auquel il est en avance. L'étude des fac teurs explicatifs de ces oppositions de zones nous conduit à deux conclusions principales. La première concerne l'influence des choix de politiques macroéconomiques et notamment de politique monétaire sur le profil cyclique du Royaume-Uni. La seconde concerne la persistance d'une hétérogénéité structurelle liée principalement aux caractéristiques internationales de l'd'insertion commerciale et de la spécialisation du Royaume-Uni et aux mécanismes ajustement aux impulsions monétaires propres à ce pays. Alors que l'UEM devrait limiter les perturbations issues des choix nationaux de politiques macroéconomiques, les différences structurelles devront être prises en compte lors de l'intégration du Royaume-Uni. Mais globalement,l'entrée du Royaume-Uni dans la troisième phase de l'UEM paraît inévitable La conjoncture actuelle et des motivations de politique intérieure sont les deux principaux facteurs qui justifient réellement le choix du gouvernement Blair. [eng] Business cycle of the United Kingdom and EMU Paul-Emmanuel Micolet The aim of this paper is to analyse to what extent the divergences between the business cycles of the United Kingdom and the ones of the Euro zone may be a risk for the integration of the Pound in the Euro. The study of the factors that may explain such divergences has led to two main conclusions. The first one is linked to the influence of differences in choices of policy mix and especially of monetary policies on the asymmetries observed. The second one deals with the persistence of structural differences between the United Kingdom and the core countries both in the real and the financial sectors. But on whole, the integration of the United Kingdom in the EMU seems to be unavoidable. The present divergences in business cycles and internal policy motivations are the two main explanations of the choice made by the Blair government to postpone this integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul-Emmanuel Micolet, 1998. "Positionnement conjoncturel du Royaume-Uni et UEM," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 66(1), pages 127-169.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1998_num_66_1_1511
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1998.1511
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1998.1511
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/ofce.1998.1511
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/ofce_0751-6614_1998_num_66_1_1511
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/ofce.1998.1511?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Blanchard, Olivier Jean & Quah, Danny, 1989. "The Dynamic Effects of Aggregate Demand and Supply Disturbances," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(4), pages 655-673, September.
    2. Mr. Ramana Ramaswamy & Mr. Torsten M Sloek, 1997. "The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences?," IMF Working Papers 1997/160, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Bayoumi, Tamim & Eichengreen, Barry, 1992. "Shocking Aspects of Monetary Unification," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt791143kp, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    4. Lucrezia Reichlin, 1989. "Fluctuations et croissance en Europe : une analyse empirique," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(1), pages 71-93.
    5. Mervyn King, 1994. "Monetary policy in the UK," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 15(3), pages 109-128, August.
    6. Artis, Michael J & Zhang, W, 1997. "International Business Cycles and the ERM: Is There a European Business Cycle?," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 2(1), pages 1-16, January.
    7. Stefan Gerlach & Frank Smets, 1995. "The monetary transmission mechanism: Evidence from the G-7 countries," BIS Working Papers 26, Bank for International Settlements.
    8. Jacky Fayolle & Paul-Emmanuel Micolet, 1997. "Réalité et déboires de l'espace conjoncturel européen : une régulation sans croissance ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 62(1), pages 5-28.
    9. Holland, Allison & Scott, Andrew, 1998. "The Determinants of UK Business Cycles," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 108(449), pages 1067-1092, July.
    10. Tamim Bayoumi & Barry Eichengreen, 1992. "Shocking Aspects of European Monetary Unification," NBER Working Papers 3949, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. David K. Backus & Patrick J. Kehoe & Finn E. Kydland, 1993. "International business cycles: theory vs. evidence," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 17(Fall), pages 14-29.
    12. Jean-Paul Fitoussi & Jacques Le Cacheux, 1989. "Une théorie des années quatre-vingt," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 29(1), pages 117-160.
    13. Claude Giorno & Pete Richardson & Deborah Roseveare & Paul van den Noord, 1995. "Estimating Potential Output, Output Gaps and Structural Budget Balances," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 152, OECD Publishing.
    14. David Backus & Patrick J. Kehoe & Finn E. Kydland, 1993. "International Business Cycles: Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 4493, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Laurence Boone, 1997. "Symmetry and Asymmetry of Supply and Demand Shocks in the European Union," Working Papers 1997-03, CEPII research center.
    16. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5953 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Dornbusch, Rudiger & Favero, Carlo A. & Giavazzi, Francesco, 1998. "A Red Letter Day?," CEPR Discussion Papers 1804, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Jacky Fayolle & Paul-Emmanuel Micolet, 1997. "Cycles internationaux : éléments pour une problématique appliquée," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 62(1), pages 109-150.
    19. Bayoumi, Tamim & Eichengreen, Barry, 1996. "Operationalizing the Theory of Optimum Currency Areas," CEPR Discussion Papers 1484, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    20. Sinn, Hans-Werner, 1996. "International Implications of German Unification," CEPR Discussion Papers 1508, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jacky Fayolle & Paul-Emmanuel Micolet, 1997. "Réalité et déboires de l'espace conjoncturel européen : une régulation sans croissance ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 62(1), pages 5-28.
    2. Stefaan Ide & Philippe Moës, 2003. "Scope of asymmetries in the Euro area," Working Paper Document 37, National Bank of Belgium.
    3. Zsolt Darvas & György Szapáry, 2008. "Business Cycle Synchronization in the Enlarged EU," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-19, February.
    4. Gilson, Nathalie alias Natacha & Labondance, Fabien, 2013. "Synchronisation des chocs d’offre et de demande en Europe – Un après-euro ou une après-crise des subprimes ?," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 89(3), pages 155-189, Septembre.
    5. Schor, Armand-Denis, 2000. "La théorie des zones monétaires optimales : l’optimum, le praticable, le crédible et le réel," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 76(4), pages 545-576, décembre.
    6. Mikek, Peter, 2009. "Does trade integration contribute to synchronization of shocks in Europe?," MPRA Paper 101413, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Jan Babetskii, 2004. "Ladhésion des Peco (Pays dEurope Centrale et Orientale) à l'Union européenne et l'endogénéité des chocs d'offre et de demande," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 163(2), pages 33-49.
    8. Colombatto Enrico, 1998. "The Birth and Failure of the EMU Project," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, De Gruyter, vol. 8(2-3), pages 219-238, June.
    9. Darvas, Zsolt & Szapáry, György, 2004. "Konjunktúraciklusok együttmozgása a régi és új EU-tagországokban [Business cycle harmonization in new and old EU member-states]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 415-448.
    10. Juan Luís Ollero & Raul Ramos & Jordi Suriñach-Caralt, 2001. "Macroeconomic implications of EMU at the regional level," ERSA conference papers ersa01p146, European Regional Science Association.
    11. Jacky Fayolle & Paul-Emmanuel Micolet, 1997. "Cycles internationaux : éléments pour une problématique appliquée," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 62(1), pages 109-150.
    12. Konstantins Benkovskis, 2006. "The Effect of Latvian Pension Reform on Savings and Government Budget," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 6(1), pages 3-21, July.
    13. Domenico Giannone & Michele Lenza & Lucrezia Reichlin, 2010. "Business Cycles in the Euro Area," NBER Chapters, in: Europe and the Euro, pages 141-167, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Olegs Tkacevs, 2006. "The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Prices: Does the Fiscal Theory of Price Level Matter in Latvia?," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 6(1), pages 23-36, July.
    15. Horvath, Julius, 2003. "Optimum currency area theory: A selective review," BOFIT Discussion Papers 15/2003, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
    16. M.J. Artis, 2003. "Reflections on the optimal currency area (OCA) criteria in the light of EMU," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(4), pages 297-307.
    17. Adu, Raymond & Litsios, Ioannis & Baimbridge, Mark, 2019. "Real exchange rate and asymmetric shocks in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 232-249.
    18. Mike Artis & Hans-Martin Krolzig & Juan Toro, 2004. "The European business cycle," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 56(1), pages 1-44, January.
    19. Joseph A. Whitt, 1995. "European Monetary Union: evidence from structural VARs," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 95-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    20. Faust, Jon & Leeper, Eric M, 1997. "When Do Long-Run Identifying Restrictions Give Reliable Results?," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 15(3), pages 345-353, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1998_num_66_1_1511. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/ofce .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.