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Pétrole : un repli stratégique

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  • Philippe Sigogne

Abstract

[eng] That oil production should currently be concentrated in the least cost-effective areas is a paradox which reveals the fragility of OPEC's price monopoly. The explanation lies in poorer prospects for growth, the emergence of new producers and the financial difficulties of some members of the cartel. Unless OPEC's prices are re-aligned on the production costs of competitors, its market share wMI inevitably shrink given current prospects of stagnation in oil consumption up to the year 2 000. However, OPEC remains the arbiter of supply in the short term. The London agreement showed that a massive reduction of stocks can be absorbed with only a limited fall in prices, leaving room for a subsequent strengthening of the market. In the future, a short-term instability of prices could therefore be combined with a long-term fall. [fre] Le pétrole présente ce paradoxe d'être extrait en priorité là où il revient le plus cher. Ce détournement de flux révèle les difficultés de l'OPEP à imposer un prix de monopole. Les principales causes en sont l'inflexion des perspectives de croissance, l'arrivée de nouveaux producteurs et les difficultés financières d'une partie du cartel. Dans la perspective actuelle de quasi-stagnation de la consommation de pétrole d'ici à l'an 2000, l'OPEP verrait sa part diminuer inexorablement, sauf à ramener ses prix aux environs du coût d'exploitation des concurrents. L'OPEP conserve cependant ses possibilités d'arbitrage de l'offre à court terme. L'accord de Londres a montré qu'un très fort déstockage peut être absorbé avec une baisse de prix limitée. Ce qui laisse place à des raffermissements ultérieurs de cours. Volatilité à court terme et baisse à long terme pourraient donc se combiner dans l'avenir.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Sigogne, 1983. "Pétrole : un repli stratégique," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 4(1), pages 117-122.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1983_num_4_1_948
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1983.948
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1983.948
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    1. Jean-Michel Chasseriaux, 1982. "Une interprétation des fluctuations du prix du pétrole," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 24-38.
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