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Une interprétation des fluctuations du prix du pétrole

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  • Jean-Michel Chasseriaux

Abstract

[fre] La théorie des ressources non renouvelables de Hotelling permet d'interpréter de façon cohérente les deux chocs pétroliers récents. Dans ce cadre, le premier choc se comprend comme résultant de la prise en compte du caractère non renouvelable du pétrole en situation de concurrence parfaite. Le second au contraire peut être considéré comme une tentative de l'OPEP pour imposer le prix de monopole correspondant à sa courbe de demande à long terme (soit environ 45$/baril). Le jeu des stocks a modifié cette courbe de demande de sorte que le prix de monopole à court terme se situe à un niveau nettement inférieur (29-30 $/baril). La limite inférieure de la baisse actuelle est donnée par l'hypothèse d'un retour à une situation de concurrence parfaite. On obtient ainsi environ 24 $/baril. [eng] Hotelling's theory of exhaustible ressources provides an explanation for the two last oil shocks. Within this framework, the first oil shock can be understood as the introduction of a user cost in a competitive market. The second one can be considered as an attempt by OPEC to reach the monopoly price corresponding to the long run demand curve (about 45 $/barrel). However, in the short run, oil stocks variations have modified this demand curve so that the monopoly price is only about 29-30 $/barrel. The lower limit to the fall of oil prices can be obtained by assuming a return to free compétition (24 $/barrel).

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Michel Chasseriaux, 1982. "Une interprétation des fluctuations du prix du pétrole," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 24-38.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1982_num_22_1_2069
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1982.2069
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1982.2069
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    Cited by:

    1. Yannouleas, C., 1985. "Quantal Brownian motion from RPA dynamics: The master and Fokker-Planck equations," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 132(1), pages 1-27.
    2. Jacques Adda, 1986. "La baisse du prix du pétrole : quelles perspectives pour l'OPEP et quelles retombées pour le Tiers Monde ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(1), pages 115-150.
    3. Philippe Sigogne, 1983. "Pétrole : un repli stratégique," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 4(1), pages 117-122.

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