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Commerce Nord-Sud, inégalités et croissance endogène

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  • Philippe Askenazy

Abstract

[fre] Commerce Nord-Sud, inégalités et croissance endogène. . Cet article développe un modèle de croissance endogène simple à deux pays, reposant sur une semi-spécialisation internationale, c'est-à-dire que l'un des pays (Nord) dispose d'un secteur Recherche et Développement et d'un secteur de pro­duction et que l'autre pays (Sud) est spécialisé dans la production de biens de consommation.. Nous obtenons que l'ouverture des échanges est positive pour la croissance mais peut être négative en termes de PIB et augmente les inégalités entre les qualifiés et les peu qualifiés du Nord. Les mécanismes sont différents de ceux de la théorie des avantages comparatifs et reposent sur la taille du Sud. La présence d'un salaire minimum dans le Nord provoque des pertes d'emplois non qualifiés. Un calibrage du modèle donne des effets actuels limités sur les pays industrialisés, mais potentiellement importants avec l'émergence des géants démographi­ques. [eng] North-south trade, inequality and endogenous growth. . This paper presents a simple endogenous growth model based on an international « semi-specialization », i.e. : one country -North- has a R&D sector and a manufacturing sector, and the other one -South- is specialized in consumption good production.. We find, for the Northern country, that the trade opening is positive for growth but not necessarily for GDP and increases the inequality between skilled and low-skilled workers. Nevertheless, there is no tendency to factor price equalization. A minimum wage in the North implies unskilled unemployment. A simulation of the model gives low present effects on industrialized countries but potentially large ones considering the demographic giants emergence..

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Askenazy, 1997. "Commerce Nord-Sud, inégalités et croissance endogène," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(5), pages 1219-1240.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1997_num_48_5_409938
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1997.409938
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1997.409938
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