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Le territoire de l'économiste : marché et société marchande

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  • Roger Frydman

Abstract

[eng] The economists territory : market and market society . . Through developments in the economie of organisations, the « new institutionnal economies », and above ail, the economies of conventions, there is a growing proliferation of ideas about the nature and the forms of the institutions of a market society. This article deals with the way economic theory conceptua­lise these institutions, and thus, the notion of a market economy. It distinguishes between two methods of intregating them into the traditional territory of the economist. The first (designed as « metaphoric »), views the economy in terms of the Walrasien model, with the resuit that institutions are conceived as instruments derived from the calculations of individuals. The second (« metonymie ») situates the econmy within a System that includes other social structures falling outside the logic of the market ; this method therefore limits the role attributed to rationality in the understanding of economic phenomema. [fre] Le territoire de l'économiste marché et société marchande. . Par les développements de l'économie des organisations, de la « nouvelle économie institutionnelle » et surtout de l'économie des conventions, les réflexions sur la nature ou sur les formes des institutions de la société marchande sont aujourd'hui en pleine expansion. Cet article s'interroge sur la manière dont la théorie économique les conceptualise et, partant, sur ce qu'elle désigne par économie de marché. Il oppose deux modalités d'internalisation ou d'enrichissement institutionnel du territoire de l'économiste. La première — qualifiée de métaphorique — comprend l'économie selon le programme de recherche que lui a donné le modèle walrassien, ce qui fait des institutions des instruments déductibles des calculs des agents privés. La seconde — appelée métonymique — conçoit l'univers marchand dans l'articulation du marché et de séquences de socialisation étrangères à sa logique et à son domaine, ce qui restreint le rôle imparti, dans l'intelligibilité des phénomènes économiques, à la rationalité individuelle.

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  • Roger Frydman, 1992. "Le territoire de l'économiste : marché et société marchande," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 5-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1992_num_43_1_409336
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1992.409336
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1992.409336
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    References listed on IDEAS

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