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Les modèles de prévision de la demande téléphonique en France

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  • Michel Gensollen
  • Éric Cozanet

Abstract

[fre] Les modèles de prévision de la demande téléphonique en France. . L'article vise à donner un bref aperçu des modèles économétriques qui ont été utilisés en France depuis 1964, pour prévoir la demande de raccordement au réseau téléphonique. Trois types de modèles, correspondant aux trois phases de développement des télécommunications, sont tour à tour évoqués. Pendant la phase de pénurie caractéristique des Ve et VIe Plans, les modèles, très simples, proposent des normes d'équipement et des scénarios de rattrapage définis au moyen de comparaisons internationales. A partir de 1974, des modèles économétriques segmentés rendent compte de l'effet d'avalanche provoqué par le desserrement de la contrainte d'offre ; une bonne connaissance des diverses élasticités-prix permet un contrôle de la demande afin de limiter le volume des instances. Aujourd'hui, le taux d'équipement téléphonique résidentiel dépasse 90 % ; la demande a changé de nature : il ne s'agit plus d'expliquer un mécanisme de diffusion mais de modéliser une demande de qualité et de confort. Les modèles, qui mettent l'accent sur les installations professionnelles et sur le multi-équipement résidentiel, visent à expliquer la façon dont les usagers optimisent leurs équipements afin d'écou­ler leur trafic avec un niveau de service convenable (communications téléphoniques et transmission d'informations comme dans le cas du vidéotex). [eng] The econometric modeling of telephone access in France . . In this paper, we present the econometric models for forecasting the telephone access demand that have been used in France since 1964. Three types of models were developped according to the kind of growth the telecommunications successively experienced. During the 5th and the 6th Plan (1964-1974) the supply shortage was impressive and the models could not do much more than evaluate the gap between the French equipment and international standards, and prescribe a development meeting the financial constraints. Since 1974 the data and the models have been broken down into business and residential markets ; the household model was designed to explain the surge of demand provoked by the growth of supply. Accurate estimates of price-elasticities were required in order to monitor this development, to lirait the number of orders in hand, and to keep the waiting time within 2 years. Now, the rate of equipment for the residential market is over 90 % ; the diffusion process has been followed by a different kind of evolu­tion : the demand for connection is triggered by a wish for better quality and confort. Accordingly the models emphasize business equipment and residential second line ; they attempt to explain how the subscribers optimize their equipment in order to achieve a given grade of service in terms of blocking rate for their traffic (telephone calls and data transmission).

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Gensollen & Éric Cozanet, 1987. "Les modèles de prévision de la demande téléphonique en France," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(2), pages 257-306.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1987_num_38_2_408981
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1987.408981
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1987.408981
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michel Dormois & Michel Gensollen, 1976. "Le marché du téléphone," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 78(1), pages 3-12.
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