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Agriculture et environnement. L'économie rurale revisitée

Author

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  • Raphaël Larrère
  • Dominique Vermersch

Abstract

[fre] Objets politiques toujours convoités, les impacts environnementaux des activités agricoles constituent autant de champs d'investigation scientifique au sein desquels la science économique joue à parts égales avec les autres disciplines. Celle-ci résoud pour l'essentiel la question environnementale par l'entremise du marché, dans une synergie escomptée avec les réorientations en cours des politiques agricoles. Une telle option laisse néanmoins en suspens voire avive le questionnement éthique lié à des thèmes récurrents de l'économie agricole : appropriation et partage des ressources naturelles et des innovations technologiques, autosuffisance alimentaire, équité du soutien public... La science économique dans sa dimension normative inclut certes une formalisation éthique. Mais que celle-ci se trouve en filiation avec un utilitarisme plus ou moins élargi ou avec des approches plus déontologiques, il en découle un relativisme éthique qui se heurte à une conjugaison toujours difficile de rationalités plurielles : celle de l'homo oeconomicus, de l'être moral, du citoyen. Dans cette perspective, l'économie agricole et plus largement rurale apparaît comme un microcosme qui reflète bon nombre de préoccupations sociales actuelles. [eng] Agriculture and environment. rural economy reconsidered - Because they carry enormous political stacks, the environmental impacts of agricultural policies fall within the scope of many research fields, where economics stand on the same foot as other disciplines. In economics, the solution of environmental questions are sought for in markets, in the hope of . a synergy with current reappraisal of agricultural policies. Yet, such an approach leaves open a number of recurrent agricultural economic issues such as the mode of appropriation of natural resources and technological innovations, the ration for food self sufficiency, or the equity of public support to farmers. Admittedly, economics include an ethical aspect in its normative dimensions. Whatever its origin, either a wider utilitarism or any other more fundamental approach, the later always implies a certain ethical relativism, difficult to maintain compatible with alternative logic, such as the "citizen ", the "homo oeconomicus", or the moral being rationality....ln such a perspective, agricultural and - more generally- rural economics look like a microcosm. It reflects a large number of present social issues.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphaël Larrère & Dominique Vermersch, 2000. "Agriculture et environnement. L'économie rurale revisitée," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 255(1), pages 104-113.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_2000_num_255_1_5162
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.2000.5162
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.2000.5162
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Olivier Godard, 1989. "Jeux de natures : quand le débat sur l'efficacité des politiques publiques contient la question de leur légitimité," Post-Print halshs-00626705, HAL.
    2. Baumol,William J. & Oates,Wallace E., 1988. "The Theory of Environmental Policy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521322249.
    3. André Brun, 1995. "Citoyenneté, individualisme, coopération et lien local," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 229(1), pages 11-16.
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