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Communautés de pratique et réseaux sociaux dans la dynamique de fonctionnement des clusters de hautes technologies

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  • Ludovic Dibiaggio
  • Michel Ferrary

Abstract

[fre] La dynamique de développement d'un cluster de hautes technologies dépend de la présence au sein d'une zone géographique déterminée de l'ensemble des pôles d'expertise complémentaires et interdépendants permettant la création et la croissance des entreprises. Cet article fait le lien entre la théorie des liens forts et faibles de Granovetter et les approches en termes d'apprentissage situé pour montrer que la production d'expertise (scientifique, technologique, industrielle, managériale, financière, juridique) repose sur l'existence de liens forts entre les membres d'une même communauté de pratique. En revanche, la diffusion de l'expertise et la coordination des acteurs de ces systèmes décentralisés nécessitent l'existence de liens sociaux faibles entre communautés. Du fait de l'interdépendance systémique entre ces communautés, l'absence de l'une d'entre elles affaiblit la dynamique d'ensemble du cluster. [eng] The development of high tech clusters depends on the spatial proximity of a set of complementary and interdependent competencies, which contribute to entrepreneurship and firms' growth. Relating Granovetter's theory of strong and weak ties to situated learning approaches, this articles contends that the existence of strong ties between members of communities of practice is a condition for the production of scientific, technological, industrial, legal, financial and managerial expertise. In addition, weak ties between communities are the condition for the diffusion of these expertises and for the mutual coordination of actors in highly decentralised systems. Because of systemic interdependencies of communities of practice, the lack of any one expertise weakens the dynamics of the whole cluster.

Suggested Citation

  • Ludovic Dibiaggio & Michel Ferrary, 2003. "Communautés de pratique et réseaux sociaux dans la dynamique de fonctionnement des clusters de hautes technologies," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 103(1), pages 111-130.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2003_num_103_1_3112
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2003.3112
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2003.3112
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    Cited by:

    1. Djamila El Idrissi & Valérie Hauch, 2012. "Entrepreneuriat international et réseaux sociaux pour les PME innovantes : quelles perceptions pour quelles stratégies ?," Post-Print halshs-00861575, HAL.
    2. Bernard Fallery & Carole Marti, 2007. "Le storytelling : un outil de gestion des connaissances," Post-Print hal-00773697, HAL.
    3. Sandra Dubouloz & Anne Berthinier-Poncet & Luciana Castro Gonçalves & Emilie Ruiz & Catherine Thevenard-Puthod, 2021. "Innovation communities: from their characterization to the questioning of their boundaries [Comunidades de innovación: desde su caracterización hasta el cuestionamiento de sus fronteras]," Post-Print hal-02891869, HAL.
    4. Yamina Tadjeddine, 2009. "Une adresse à Mayfair ou Vendôme: La rationalité spatiale des Hedge Funds," EconomiX Working Papers 2009-27, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    5. Sandra Dubouloz & Anne Berthinier-Poncet & Luciana Castro Gonçalves & Emilie Ruiz & Catherine Thevenard-Puthod, 2020. "Communautés d'innovation : de leur caractérisation au questionnement de leurs frontières," Working Papers hal-02891869, HAL.
    6. Karim Messeghem & Agnès Paradas, 2015. "The emergence of a competitiveness cluster: from embeddedness to ambidexterity," International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 7(1), pages 65-83.
    7. Julien Cusin & Elodie Loubaresse, 2015. "L’interclustering. De la communauté de pratique aux réseaux d’innovation," Post-Print hal-03235818, HAL.
    8. Bernard Fallery & Carole Marti & Gerald Brunetto, 2007. "Storytelling on the Internet to develop weak-link networks. Two case studies Artistoria," Post-Print hal-00777898, HAL.

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