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Les pratiques culturelles et sportives des Français : arbitrage, diversité et cumul

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  • Philippe Coulangeon
  • Yannick Lemel

Abstract

[eng] The French 2003 continuous survey of household living conditions includes a “cultural and sports participation” module that covers radio and television consumption, reading, “cultural” outings (such as cinema, theatre, and concerts), amateur activities (drawing, music, singing, writing, and so on), and sports, but also hunting . and fishing. The data show that the social differentiation . of attitudes to recreational activities is primarily determined by an accumulation criterion, which categorises individuals on the basis of the number and frequency of the activities in which they engage. Whatever their purpose and type, most activities do not seem mutually exclusive. People are all the more likely to engage in one if they already engage in another. The only apparent exceptions to this rule are watching television, hunting, . and fishing. An individual’s ranking on the activity-accumulation scale seems more closely correlated with educational attainment than with income level. Differences in attitudes do not, however, appear solely determined by the accumulation criterion. The data . reveal three distinct profiles. They show a contrast between persons who are not significantly engaged in . these activities— with the exception of intensive television-. watching— and two profiles of persons substantially more involved: (1) individuals participating chiefly in . sports activities and (2) individuals participating mainly in cultural activities. The propensity towards each of . the three profiles seems strongly tied to educational . attainment but also to socio-occupational category and living-environment characteristics. There is also a fairly sharp divide between men and women. [fre] Les données du volet «pratiques culturelles et sportives» de l’enquête permanente sur les conditions de vie des ménages de 2003 - qui englobent l’usage de la radio et de la télévision, la lecture, les sorties «culturelles» (cinéma, théâtre, concert, etc.), les pratiques amateurs (dessin, musique, chant, écriture, etc.), les pratiques sportives, mais aussi la chasse ou la pêche - montrent que la différenciation sociale des attitudes en matière de loisirs est d’abord gouvernée par une logique de cumul, qui distingue les individus en fonction du nombre et de la fréquence des activités pratiquées. Quels qu’en soient l’objet et la nature, celles-ci n’apparaissent généralement pas exclusives les unes des autres: on a d’autant plus de chance d’en pratiquer une que l’on pratique déjà l’autre. Seuls l’usage de la télévision, la chasse et la pêche, dont les fréquences sont négativement corrélées aux autres activités, semblent échapper à cette logique. La position occupée sur l’échelle du cumul d’activité apparaît fortement liée au niveau d’éducation, plus qu’au niveau de revenu. La différenciation des attitudes ne se réduit cependant . pas à ce principe de cumul. Trois profils distincts se . dégagent des données. Ils opposent les individus peu investis dans ces activités, à l’exception d’un usage . intensif de la télévision, à deux profils d’individus nettement . plus investis, qui se caractérisent par l’accent mis, pour les uns, sur les activités sportives et, pour les autres, sur les activités culturelles. L’orientation à . l’égard de ces trois profils apparaît à son tour fortement . liée au niveau d’éducation, mais aussi à la catégorie socioprofessionnelle, aux caractéristiques du cadre de vie et elle distingue assez nettement les hommes et les femmes. [ger] Die Daten der Komponente "kulturelle und sportliche Tätigkeiten“ der ständigen Erhebung über die Lebensverhältnisse der Haushalte von 2003, die auch die . Nutzung von Rundfunk und Fernsehen, die Lektüre, die . "kulturellen“ Besuche (Kino, Theater, Konzert usw.), die Aktivitäten von Amateuren (Zeichnen, Musizieren, Singen, Schreiben usw.), sportliche Tätigkeiten, aber auch Jagen und Fischen umfassen, zeigen, dass die soziale Differenzierung der Verhaltensweisen in der Freizeit zunächst einer Kumulationslogik unterliegt, bei der die . Individuen nach der Anzahl und der Häufigkeit ihrer . Tätigkeiten unterschieden werden. Unabhängig von ihrem Gegenstand und von ihrer Art schließen sich diese gegenseitig aber nicht aus: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, eine Freizeittätigkeit auszuüben, ist umso größer, wenn bereits einer nachgegangen wird. Lediglich das Fernsehen, . die Jagd und das Fischen, deren Häufigkeit in . einem negativen Verhältnis zu den anderen Tätigkeiten steht, scheinen sich dieser Logik zu entziehen. Welcher Platz auf der Skala der Kumulation von Tätigkeiten eingenommen wird, hängt eher vom Bildungs-als vom Einkommensniveau ab. Die Differenzierung der Verhaltensweisen beschränkt sich aber nicht nur auf diesen Kumulationsgrundsatz. . Drei unterschiedliche Profile ergeben sich aus den . Daten: Zum einen die Individuen, die mit Ausnahme einer intensiven Nutzung des Fernsehens kaum solchen . Tätigkeiten nachgehen, und zum anderen zwei Profile . von deutlich aktiveren Individuen, von denen die einen sportlichen Tätigkeiten und die anderen kulturellen Tätigkeiten . nachgehen. Diese drei Profile hängen jeweils in . hohem Maße vom Bildungsniveau ab, aber auch von der sozioprofessionellen Kategorie und den Lebensverhältnissen. Ein deutlicher Unterschied besteht zwischen Männern und Frauen. [spa] Los datos del apartado «prácticas culturales y deportivas» de la encuesta permanente sobre las condiciones de vida de los hogares en 2003 -que abarcan el uso de la radio y la televisión, la lectura, las salidas «culturales. » (cine, teatro, conciertos, etc.), la práctica de aficiones . (dibujo, música, canto, escritura, etc.) y la práctica deportiva, pero también la caza o la pesca– muestran que la diferenciación social de las actitudes en materia de ocio se rige en primer lugar por una lógica de acumulación, que distingue a los individuos en función del número y la frecuencia de actividades practicadas. Sean cuales sean su objeto y naturaleza, en general estas no parecen excluirse unas a otras: existen más posibilidades de practicar una si ya se practica otra. Solo el uso de la televisión, la caza y la pesca, cuyas frecuencias están correlacionadas negativamente con otras actividades, parecen escapar a esta lógica. La posición ocupada en la escala de la acumulación de actividad aparece fuertemente relacionada con el nivel de educación, más que con el nivel de ingresos. La diferenciación de las actitudes no se reduce, no obstante, a este principio de acumulación. De estos datos . destacan tres perfiles distintos. Oponen a los individuos . que invierten poco en estas actividades - con la excepción . del uso intensivo de la televisión–, a dos perfiles de . individuos que invierten claramente más, caracterizados por hacer hincapié, unos, en las actividades deportivas y, otros, en las actividades culturales. La orientación . respecto a estos tres perfiles está, a su vez, fuertemente . relacionada con el nivel educativo, pero también con la categoría socioprofesional y las características del marco de vida, y distingue bastante netamente a hombres y mujeres.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Coulangeon & Yannick Lemel, 2009. "Les pratiques culturelles et sportives des Français : arbitrage, diversité et cumul," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 423(1), pages 3-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2009_num_423_1_8021
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2009.8021
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2009.8021
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    2. Philippe Coulangeon & Yannick Lemel, 2007. "The Cumulativity of Activities," Working Papers 2007-41, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    3. Loewenstein, George & Adler, Daniel, 1995. "A Bias in the Prediction of Tastes," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 105(431), pages 929-937, July.
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    5. Stigler, George J & Becker, Gary S, 1977. "De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(2), pages 76-90, March.
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