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Les absences au travail : une analyse à partir des données françaises du Panel européen des ménages ; suivi d'un commentaire de François-Charles Wolff

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  • Sabine Chaupain-Guillot
  • Olivier Guillot
  • François-Charles Wolff

Abstract

[fre] Les absences au travail: une analyse à partir des données françaises du Panel européen des ménages . . D'après les chiffres de la dernière vague d'enquête française du Panel européen des ménages, réalisée à l'automne 2001, un salarié sur dix a été au moins un jour absent de son travail, pour raisons de santé ou non, au cours des quatre dernières semaines. Durant la période 1994-2001, cette proportion a peu varié. Les femmes sont un peu plus nombreuses que les hommes à s'absenter. Ce constat vaut pour l'ensemble des absences comme pour les seuls arrêts maladie. Toutefois, s'agissant du nombre d'épisodes de maladie ou du nombre total de jours de maladie au cours des douze derniers mois, il n'y a guère de différence entre hommes et femmes. Pour analyser les effets des caractéristiques individuel¬ les sur la probabilité d'absence au travail, séparément chez les hommes et chez les femmes, des régressions sur données en coupe (2001) et sur données longitu¬ dinales (1998-2001) ont été mises en oeuvre. Trois fac teurs ont un rôle déterminant: l'état de santé, le degré de satisfaction dans l'emploi et, chez les femmes, les contraintes de conciliation entre vie familiale et vie pro fessionnelle. Dans le cas des hommes, on observe une relation négative entre le salaire horaire estimé et la pro babilité d'avoir été en arrêt maladie, à un moment ou un autre, durant les douze derniers mois. Chez les fem mes, en revanche, la probabilité d'absence ne semble guère dépendre du niveau de rémunération. [spa] El ausentismo del trabajo: un análisis a partir de los datos franceses del . Panel europeo de los hogares . . Según las cifras de la última ola de la encuesta francesa del Panel europeo de los hogares, realizada en otoño de 2001, uno de cada diez empleados se ha ausentado al menos un día de su trabajo, por razones de salud o no, durante las cuatro últimas semanas. Durante el período 1994-2001, esta proporción apenas ha variado. Las mujeres se ausentan un poco más que los hom¬ bres. Esta constatación es válida tanto para el conjunto de las ausencias como para las bajas por enfermedad. No obstante, tratándose del número de episodios de enfermedad o el total de días de enfermedad a lo largo de los últimos doce meses, apenas hay diferencia entre hombres y mujeres. Para analizar los efectos de las características indivi¬ duales sobre la probabilidad de ausentarse del trabajo, por separado entre hombres y mujeres, se han implementado regresiones sobre datos al corte (2001) y sobre datos longitudinales (1998-2001). Tres facto¬ res desempeñan un papel determinante: el estado de salud, el nivel de satisfacción en el trabajo y, entre las mujeres, los imperativos para conciliar vida familiar y profesional. En el caso de los hombres, se observa una relación negativa entre el salario por hora estimado y la probabilidad de haber estado de baja, en un momento y otro, durante los últimos doce meses. Entre las mujeres, por el contrario, la probabilidad de ausentarse apenas parece depender de la remuneración. [ger] Absentismus bei der Arbeit: eine Analyse anhand der französischen Daten des „europäischen Panels der Haushalte" . . Nach den Daten der letzten französischen Erhebungswelle des europäischen Panels der Haushalte . von Herbst 2001 fehlte in den zurückliegenden vier Wochen jeder zehnte Arbeitnehmer mindestes einen Tag an seinem Arbeitsplatz, sei es aus Krankheitsgründen oder nicht. Im Zeitraum 1994-2001 änderte sich dieser Anteil kaum. Frauen fehlen etwas häufiger als Männer. Diese Feststellung gilt für die krankheitsbedingte Abwesenheit und das Fehlen aus anderen Gründen gleichermaßen. Was die Häufigkeit der Krankheit oder die Gesamtzahl der wegen Krankheit gefehlten Tage in den letzten zwölf Monaten anbelangt, so gibt es zwi¬ schen Frauen und Männern kaum Unterschiede. Um die Effekte der individuellen Merkmale auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Fehlens am Arbeitsplatz gesondert nach Frauen und Männern zu analysieren, wurden Regressionsanalysen mit Längsschnittdaten (2001) und Querschnittsdaten (1998-2001) vorgenom­ men. Drei Faktoren spielen eine entscheidende Rolle: der Gesundheitszustand, der Grad der Zufriedenheit am Arbeitsplatz und bei den Frauen die erforder¬ liche Vereinbarung von Familienund Berufsleben. Im Fall der Männer stellt man eine negative Beziehung fest zwischen dem geschätzten Stundenlohn und der Wahrscheinlichkeit, zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in den zurückliegenden zwölf Monaten krank geschrieben worden zu sein. Dagegen scheint bei den Frauen die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Fehlens kaum von der Höhe der Entlohnung abzuhängen. [eng] Work Absenteeism: an Analysis Using French Data from the European Community Household Panel . . According to the figures from the latest round of the . European Community Household Panel survey carried out in France in autumn 2001, in the preceding four weeks one employee in ten was absent from work for at least one day on sick leave or for other reasons. This proportion barely changed between 1994 and 2001. Slightly more women than men were absent from work, which applied for overall absences as well as for sick leave alone. However, in terms of the number of bouts of illness or the total number of days'sick leave taken over the last twelve months, there was hardly any differ¬ ence between men and women. Regression analysis using cross-sectional (2001) and longitudinal data (1998-2001) has been carried out to assess the effects of individual factors on the probability of being absent from work, looking at men and women separately. Three factors play a decisive role: health, level of job satisfaction and, for women, the constraints of reconciling family and work. For men, a negative relation can be observed between the estimated hourly wage and the probability of taking sick leave, at one time or another, over the last twelve months. For women, on the other hand, the probability of being absent hardly seems to be related to their level of pay.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabine Chaupain-Guillot & Olivier Guillot & François-Charles Wolff, 2007. "Les absences au travail : une analyse à partir des données françaises du Panel européen des ménages ; suivi d'un commentaire de François-Charles Wolff," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 408(1), pages 45-80.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_408_1_7061
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2007.7061
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2007.7061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paul Contoyannis & Andrew M. Jones & Nigel Rice, 2004. "The dynamics of health in the British Household Panel Survey," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(4), pages 473-503.
    2. John Bound, 1991. "Self-Reported Versus Objective Measures of Health in Retirement Models," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 26(1), pages 106-138.
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    1. Thomas Barnay & Julie Favrot & Catherine Pollak, 2015. "L'effet des arrêts maladie sur les trajectoires professionnelles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 475(1), pages 135-156.
    2. Thomas Barnay & Sandrine Juin & Renaud Legal, 2014. "Disparities in taking sick leave between sectors of activity in France: a longitudinal analysis of administrative data," Working Papers halshs-00943327, HAL.
    3. Thomas Barnay & Sandrine Juin & Renaud Legal, 2013. "Les disparités de prise d’arrêts maladie entre secteurs d’activité en France : une analyse longitudinale sur données administratives," Erudite Working Paper 2013-06, Erudite.
    4. Thomas Barnay & Carine Franc & Florence Jusot, 2015. "Introduction générale. La santé et les soins : prise en charge, déterminants sociaux, conséquences professionnelles," Post-Print hal-02431053, HAL.

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