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Orientation économique et croissance locale de l'emploi dans les bassins de vie des bourgs et petites villes

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  • Michel Blanc
  • Bertrand Schmitt
  • Éric Ambiaud

Abstract

[fre] L'examen de la façon dont se combinent localement les principales activités économiques met en évidence le poids croissant dans les emplois ruraux, des activités destinées à satisfaire les besoins des populations locales, activités qui constituent le socle d'une économie dite « résidentielle ». Parallèlement, l'agriculture et les secteurs qui lui sont directement liés, base traditionnelle des économies rurales, pèsent aujourd'hui peu et sont largement devancés par les secteurs industriels. Ainsi, alors qu'en 1990, seul un tiers des bassins de vie animés par un bourg ou une petite ville comptent plus d'emplois résidentiels que d'emplois agricoles et industriels, ils sont, en 1999, plus de la moitié à être dans ce cas. Au cours de la période, ces bassins à économie résidentielle ont connu un développement économique plus favorable que les bassins à caractère plus industriel ou agricole. En outre, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, la croissance de l'emploi a été plus marquée dans les bassins proches des grands pôles urbains et la dynamique démographique locale influence positivement le développement des activités économiques. Si, en parallèle, la croissance de la population a été favorisée par la croissance économique locale, cette dernière engendre plus de croissance démographique locale que la croissance démographique n'engendre de croissance économique locale. [spa] Orientación económica y crecimiento local del empleo en las cuencas de vida de los pueblos y localidades pequeñas. El análisis de cómo se combinan localmente las principales actividades económicas pone en evidencia el peso cada vez mayor de los empleos rurales, actividades destinadas a responder a los imperativos de las poblaciones locales y que constituyen el zócalo de una economía denominada "residencial”. De forma paralela, la agricultura y sus sectores aferentes, base tradicional de las economías rurales, tienen en la actualidad un menor peso y son ampliamente superadas por los sectores industriales. De esta manera, mientras que en 1990 sólo un tercio de las cuencas de vida, animadas por un pueblo o una localidad pequeña, cuentan con más empleos •residenciales” que empleos agrícolas e industriales, en 1999, son más de la mitad los empleos a incluirse en este caso. Durante este periodo, estas cuencas de economía residencial han experimentado un desarrollo económico más favorable que las cuencas de carácter más industrial o agrícola. Además, siempre y cuando las circunstancias hayan sido las mismas, el crecimiento del empleo se ha distinguido más en las cuencas próximas a los grandes polos urbanos y la dinámica demográfi ca local infl uye de manera positiva en el desarrollo de las actividades económicas. Si, paralelamente, el crecimiento de la población se ha visto favorecido por el crecimiento económico local, este último produce más crecimiento demográfi co local que el caso inverso. [ger] Wirtschaftliche Ausrichtung und lokales Beschäftigungswachstum in den Lebensräumen der kleinen Kommunen und Kleinstädte. Die Analyse, wie die wichtigsten Wirtschaftstätigkeiten lokal miteinander verknüpft sind, zeigt den zunehmenden Einfl uss, den die Tätigkeiten zur Befriedigung der Bedürfnisse der lokalen Bevölkerung auf die ländlichen Arbeitsplätze ausüben; Tätigkeiten, die den Sockel einer so genannten "residentiellen“ Wirtschaft bilden. Gleichzeitig fallen die Landwirtschaft und die direkt damit verbundenen Sektoren, die die traditionelle Grundlage der ländlichen Wirtschaft darstellen, heute nur noch wenig ins Gewicht und folgen weit hinter den Industriesektoren. Während 1990 lediglich ein Drittel der Lebensräume einer kleinen Kommune oder Kleinstadt mehr residentielle als landwirtschaftliche oder industrielle Arbeitsplätze zählte, ist es 1999 mehr als die Hälfte. In diesem Zeitraum entwickelte sich in diesen Lebensräumen die residentielle Wirtschaft günstiger als in den eher industriellen oder landwirtschaftlichen Räumen. Unter sonst gleichen Gegebenheiten wuchs die Wirtschaft in den Räumen unweit großer städtischer Pole stärker und die lokale demografi sche Dynamik wirkt sich positiv auf die Entwicklung der Wirtschaftstätigkeiten aus. Parallel dazu wurde das Bevölkerungswachstum durch das lokale Wirtschaftswachstum begünstigt; letzteres bewirkt aber ein größeres lokales demografi sches Wachstum, als das Bevölkerungswachstum lokales Wirtschaftswachstum generiert. [eng] An analysis of the way in which the main economic activities combine locally highlights the growing presence in rural employment of economic activities designed to satisfy the needs of local people, activities which constitute the basis of a "residential” economy. Similarly, agriculture and the sectors directly linked to it, the traditional bases of rural economies, are now relatively insignifi cant and have been largely overtaken by the industrial sectors. Thus, while in 1980 only a third of the living basins centred around a market town or small city had more residential jobs than agricultural and industrial jobs, in 1999 more than half were in this position. During the period, basins with a residential economy experienced more favourable economic development than basins with a more industrial or agricultural character. Furthermore, all other things being equal, employment growth was more marked in basins close to large urban centres, the local demographic dynamic having a positive infl uence on the development of economic activity. At the same time, while population growth was fostered by local economic growth, the latter made a more signifi cant contribution to local demographic growth than demographic growth made to economic growth. Economic orientation and local employment growth in the living basins of market towns and small cities

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Blanc & Bertrand Schmitt & Éric Ambiaud, 2007. "Orientation économique et croissance locale de l'emploi dans les bassins de vie des bourgs et petites villes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 402(1), pages 57-74.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_402_1_7100
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2007.7100
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2007.7100
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Bertrand Schmitt & Mark Henry & Virginie Piguet & Mohamed Hilal, 2006. "Urban growth effects on rural population, export and service employment: evidence from eastern France," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 40(4), pages 779-801, December.
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    1. Emilie ARNOULT & Florent SARI, 2016. "Analyse Spatiale De L’Espace Urbain : Le Cas De L’Agglomération Lyonnaise," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 43, pages 77-110.
    2. Francis Aubert & Bertrand B. Schmitt, 2006. "Economic mechanisms at work in rural areas, delineation of French rural areas and consistence of public interventions [Mécanismes économiques à l'oeuvre dans les espaces ruraux : conceptions du rur," Post-Print hal-02819848, HAL.
    3. Jean-Marc Callois & Bertrand Schmitt, 2009. "The role of social capital components on local economic growth: Local cohesion and openness in French rural areas," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, INRA Department of Economics, vol. 90(3), pages 257-286.
    4. Emilie Arnoult & Florent Sari, 2017. "Chosen Or Imposed? The Location Strategies Of Households," TEPP Working Paper 2017-05, TEPP.
    5. Francis Aubert & Olivier Aznar, 2020. "What Status for the Rural Facing the Assertion of Metropolises? [Quel statut pour le rural face à l'affirmation des métropoles ?]," Post-Print hal-03065425, HAL.
    6. Florian Bonnet, 2019. "Spatial Distribution of Population by Age in France over the Past 150 years," Working Papers hal-02067193, HAL.
    7. Callois, Jean-Marc & Schmitt, Bertrand, 2009. "The role of social capital components on local economic growth: Local cohesion and openness in French rural areas," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement (RAEStud), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 90(3).
    8. Francis Aubert & Bertrand B. Schmitt, 2008. "Economic mechanisms at work in rural areas, delineation of French rural areas and consistence of public interventions [Mécanismes économiques à l'oeuvre dans les espaces ruraux : conceptions du rur," Post-Print hal-02656747, HAL.
    9. Francis Aubert & Abdoul Diallo & Quentin Frère & Denis Lépicier & Stéphanie Truchet & Dominique Vollet, 2014. "Analyse économétrique de la croissance de l'économie présentielle en France," Working Papers hal-02516950, HAL.
    10. Jean-François Royer, 2008. "Disparités territoriales : effets et causes des comportements des agents," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 415(1), pages 3-16.

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