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Un nouvel indicateur synthétique prenant en compte la dynamique des réponses individuelles à l'enquête Industrie

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  • François Hild

Abstract

[fre] L'interprétation des enquêtes de conjoncture est très souvent fondée sur l'évolution de soldes d'opinion, qui constituent le résumé le plus largement utilisé de l'information recueillie auprès des entreprises. Cet article suggère la construction d'indicateurs différents, qui prennent en compte la modalité de réponse « stable » ou « normal » d'une part, et tiennent compte de la dynamique des réponses individuelles d'une enquête à l'autre d'autre part. Ainsi, à la fin d'un mois on s'intéresse non seulement à la réponse d'une entreprise lors de l'enquête correspondante, mais aussi à sa réponse à l'enquête précédente. On en déduit un classement des entreprises en neuf catégories selon leurs réponses aux deux enquêtes : Hausse-Hausse, Hausse-Stable, Hausse-Baisse, Stable-Hausse' On s'intéresse aux pourcentages d'entreprises qui changent de réponses d'une enquête à l'autre. Ces pourcentages pourraient signaler précocement certains retournements de conjoncture et constituer des indicateurs légèrement avancés. En particulier, on montre que, pour certaines questions, le pourcentage de réponses Stable-Baisse ou Stable-Hausse se retourne effectivement à plusieurs reprises plus tôt que le solde d'opinion correspondant. On construit ensuite un indicateur fondé sur ce type de pourcentages, qui pourrait compléter ceux dont on dispose déjà pour prévoir le taux de croissance trimestriel de la production manufacturière à l'horizon de deux trimestres. [spa] Un nuevo indicador sintético que considere la dinámica de las respuestas individuales en la encuesta Industria. La interpretación de las encuestas de coyuntura se fundamenta a menudo en la evolución de saldos de opinión, que constituyen el resumen de la información recogida ante las empresas más ampliamente utilizado. Este artículo sugiere establecer indicadores diferentes que tomen en consideración la modalidad de respuesta «estable» o «normal» por un lado y, por otro, consideren la dinámica de las respuestas individuales de una encuesta a la otra. Así, al fi nal del mes, interesa no sólamente la respuesta de una empresa durante la encuesta correspondiente sino también su respuesta a la encuesta anterior. Se ha deducido una clasifi cación de las empresas en nueve categorías según sus respuestas a las encuestas: Alta-Alta, Alta-Estable, Alta-Baja, Estable-Alta... Resultando interesante los porcentajes de empresas que cambian de respuesta de una encuesta a otra. Estos porcentajes podrían señalar precozmente ciertas infl exiones de coyuntura y constituir indicadores ligeramente avanzados. En particular, se muestra que para ciertas cuestiones el porcentaje de respuestas Estable-Baja o Estable-Alta cambia, efectivamente en varias ocasiones, antes que el saldo de opinión correspondiente. A continuación se construye un indicador basado en este tipo de porcentajes, que podría completar aquellos de los que ya disponemos para prever la tasa de crecimiento trimestral de la producción manufacturera en el horizonte de dos trimestres. [eng] A New Synthetic Indicator Taking into Account the Dynamics of Individual Responses to the French Industry Survey. The interpretation of tendency surveys is very often based on changes in balances of opinion, which constitute the most commonly used summaries of the responses of companies. This article suggests the construction of different indicators, which, on the one hand, take into account "stable” or "normal” response conditions, and on the other hand also take into account the dynamics of individual responses from one survey to the next. The values of these indicators at the end of each month take into account not only companies’ responses to the present survey but also their responses to the previous survey. The responses of companies during two consecutive surveys are classifi ed into nine categories: Increase-Increase, Increase-Unchanged, Increase-Decrease, Unchanged-Increase, etc. We focus on the percentages of companies that change their responses from one survey to another. These percentages could give early signals of certain changes in the short-term economic situation and represent slightly advanced indicators. In particular, the article shows that, for certain questions, the percentages of Unchanged-Decrease and Unchanged-Increase responses do indeed display a number of tendencies earlier than the corresponding balances of opinion. It is, then, possible to construct an indicator based on these percentages, which could complete those which already exist for forecasting the quarterly growth rate of manufacturing production over two quarters. [ger] Ein neuer synthetischer Indikator zur Berücksichtigung der individuellen Antworten bei der Erhebung "Industrie“. Die Interpretation der Konjunkturerhebungen basiert sehr häufi g auf der Entwicklung der Meinungssalden, die weitestgehend als Zusammenfassung der bei den Unternehmen erhaltenen Informationen dienen. In diesem Artikel wird der Aufbau unterschiedlicher Indikatoren vorgeschlagen, die einerseits die Modalität "stabile“ oder •normale“ Antwort und andererseits die Dynamik der individuellen Antworten von einer Erhebung zur anderen berücksichtigen. Am Ende eines Monats gilt mithin das Interesse nicht nur der Antwort eines Unternehmens auf die entsprechende Umfrage, sondern auch seiner Antwort auf die vorausgegangene Umfrage. Auf dieser Grundlage werden die Unternehmen dann in neun Kategorien entsprechend ihren Antworten auf die zwei Umfragen eingeteilt: Zunahme/ Zunahme, Zunahme/ Stabil, Zunahme/ Abnahme, Stabil/ Zunahme... Interessant sind die Prozentsätze der Unternehmen, die bei den zwei Umfragen eine unterschiedliche Antwort abgegeben haben. Diese Prozentsätze könnten vorzeitig auf bestimmte Konjunkturumschwünge hinweisen und gewissermaßen als Frühindikatoren dienen. Gezeigt wird insbesondere, dass sich bei bestimmten Fragen der Prozentsatz der Antworten Stabil/ Abnahme oder Stabil/ Zunahme mehrmals früher als der entsprechende Meinungssaldo effektiv umkehrt. Danach wird auf der Basis dieser Prozentsätze ein Indikator erstellt, der die bereits verfügbaren ergänzen könnte, um den vierteljährlichen Produktionszuwachs im verarbeitenden Gewerbe für zwei Quartale vorauszuschätzen.

Suggested Citation

  • François Hild, 2006. "Un nouvel indicateur synthétique prenant en compte la dynamique des réponses individuelles à l'enquête Industrie," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 395(1), pages 65-89.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2006_num_395_1_7132
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2006.7132
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2006.7132
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    References listed on IDEAS

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