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Trajectoires comparées des chômeurs en France et aux États-Unis

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  • Daniel Cohen
  • Pascaline Dupas

Abstract

[fre] Le chômeur français met plus de temps à retrouver un emploi que le chômeur américain, mais il bénéficie «en moyenne» d’une meilleure protection: au total, les différences de niveau de vie sont faibles. Cette «moyenne» est toutefois une statistique insuffisante. L’une des leçons de la comparaison entre les deux pays est qu’il existe une forte hétérogénéité sur chacun des deux marchés du travail, qui impose d’analyser séparément deux composantes du marché de l’emploi. En France comme aux États-Unis, il faut distinguer un noyau central de travailleurs, qui couvre environ 80 % de la population masculine de 30 à 50 ans, pour lequel l’expérience du chômage sera relativement brève, et le reste de la population confrontée à des recherches d’emploi beaucoup plus longues. La différence entre les deux pays porte surtout sur ce second ensemble. L’indemnisation étant plus favorable en France, les chômeurs de longue durée en pâtissent moins qu’aux États-Unis. En revanche, la sortie durable du chômage semble plus difficile en France, l’emploi trouvé étant plus souvent à durée limitée.

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  • Daniel Cohen & Pascaline Dupas, 2000. "Trajectoires comparées des chômeurs en France et aux États-Unis," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 332(1), pages 17-26.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2000_num_332_1_7536
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2000.7536
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2000.7536
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Audra Bowlus & Jean-Marc Robin, 2010. "An International Comparison of Equalization Mobility and Lifetime Earnings Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03473768, HAL.
    2. David Spector, 2001. "Emploi : une analyse critique des politiques malthusiennes," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 0(4), pages 13-31.
    3. Audra J. Bowlus & Jean-Marc Robin, 2012. "An International Comparison Of Lifetime Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 10(6), pages 1236-1262, December.
    4. Thomas Le Barbanchon & Olivier Simon, 2012. "Les marchés du travail français et américain face aux chocs conjoncturels des années 1986 à 2007 : une modélisation DSGE," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 451(1), pages 69-90.

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