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Les enseignements théoriques et pratiques des microsimulations en économie de la santé

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  • Pascale Breuil-Genier

Abstract

[spa] Las lecciones teôricas y prâcticas de las microsimulaciones en economfa de la salud . En materia de sanidad tal vez mâs que en otros âmbitos de las ciencias sociales, el término de microsimulaciôn se emplea para designar unas modelizaciones muy diferentes : aplicaciôn de una nueva tabla de reembolso a datos de gastos de sanidad, agregaciôn de comportamientos individuales teôricos en informaciôn imperfecta, modelizaciôn de las interacciones entre medio socioeconômico, salud y cuidados, etc. El tipo de modelo elaborado dépende obviamente de la meta que uno se fija, y por tanto del presunto usuario del modelo. Esquematizando, los organismos cercanos a los poderes pûblicos privilegian el câlculo de la incidencia de una . reforma sobre los gastos de sanidad socializados, los estadfsticos utilizan la microsimulaciôn para poner en coherencia los datos que tienen o eventualmente para generar aquéllos que les faltan, los epidemiôlogos modelizan la apariciôn de una enfermedad y a veces su tratamiento clfnico, los economistas teôricos se basan en la microsimulaciôn para relacionar comportamientos individuales y agregados macroeconômicos. Un estudio de esta literatura, centrada en los modelos que analizan mâs bien la demanda de cuidados, permite poner de relieve el interés de esos usos diversos y la riqueza de los resultados que ya se van obteniendo. [fre] Les enseignements théoriques et pratiques des microsimulations en économie de la santé . En matière de santé peut-être encore plus que dans d'autres domaines des sciences sociales, le terme de microsimulation est employé pour désigner des modélisations très différentes : application d'un nouveau barème de remboursement à des données de dépenses de santé, agrégation de comportements individuels théoriques en information imparfaite, modélisation des interactions entre environnement socio-économique, santé et soins, etc. Le type de modèle construit dépend évidemment de l'objectif poursuivi, et donc en général de l'utilisateur présumé du modèle. Pour schématiser, les organismes proches des pouvoirs publics privilégient le calcul de l'incidence d'une réforme sur les dépenses de santé socialisées, les statisticiens utilisent la microsimulation pour mettre en cohérence les données dont ils disposent ou éventuellement pour générer celles qui leur manquent, les épidémiologistes modélisent la survenue d'une maladie et parfois son traitement clinique, les économistes théoriciens s'appuient sur la microsimulation pour lier comportements individuels et agrégats macroéconomiques. . Un examen de cette littérature, centrée sur les modèles analysant plutôt la demande de soins, permet de faire ressortir l'intérêt de ces diverses utilisations et la richesse des résultats qui peuvent d'ores été déjà en être dégagés. [eng] The Theoretical and Practical Lessons Learnt from Microsimulations in Health Care Economics . The term "microsimulation" is probably used in health care even more than in other social science fields to refer to very different modelings: application of a new reimbursement scale to health care spending data; aggregation of theoretical individual behaviour in a situation of imperfect information; modeling of the interactions between the socioeconomic environment, health and health care, etc. The type of model built obviously depends on the aim in question and therefore in general on the presumed user of the model. In brief, government-connected bodies tend to calculate the effect of a reform on national health care expenditure, statisticians use the microsimulation to harmonise the data they have and generate the data they lack if needs be, epidemiologists model the occurrence of an illness and sometimes its clinical treatment, and economic theorists use the microsimulation to link individual behaviour with macroeconomic aggregates. . A study of this literature, concentrating on models analysing mainly the demand for health care, shows the value of these different uses and the wealth of findings that can already be derived from them. [ger] Theoretische und praktische Erkenntnisse der Mikrosimulationen in der Gesundheitsôkonomik . Vielleicht mehr noch als in anderen Bereichen der Sozialwissenschaften bezeichnet im Gesundheitswesen der Begriff Mikrosimulation sehr unterschiedliche Modellrechnungen: Anwendung einer neuen Staffelung der Kostenerstattung auf Daten der Gesundheitsausgaben, Aggregierung theoretischer Verhaltensweisen der Individuen zu einer unvollkommenen Information, Modellierung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen sozioôkonomischem Umfeld, Gesundheit und Gesundheitsfùrsorge usw. Selbstverstândlich hângt die Art des erstellten Modells von der jeweiligen Zielsetzung und somit ganz allgemein vom vermutlichen Nutzer des Modells ab. Schematisiert dargestellt ergibt sich folgendes Bild: die den Behôrden nahestehenden Einrichtungen geben der Ermittlung der Auswirkungen einer Reform auf die von der Gesellschaft zu tragenden Gesundheitsausgaben den Vorzug, die Statistiker benutzen die Mikrosimulation, um eine Kohârenz zwischen den ihnen zur Verfùgung stehenden Daten herzustellen oder ggf. die fehlenden Daten zu generieren; die Epidemiologen modellieren das Auftreten . einer Krankheit und zuweilen deren klinische Behandlung, die theoretisierenden Wirtschaftswissenschaftler stutzen sich auf die Mikrosimulation, um einen Bezug zwischen individuellen Verhaltensweisen und gesamtwirtschaftlichen Aggregaten herzustellen. . Eine Auswertung dieser Fachliteratur, die sich auf die Modelle, die eher die Nachfrage nach Gesundheitsfùrsorge analysieren, konzentriert, zeigt den Nutzen dieser verschiedenen Einsatzmôglichkeiten und die vielfàltigen Ergebnisse, die sich bereits daraus ableiten lassen.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascale Breuil-Genier, 1998. "Les enseignements théoriques et pratiques des microsimulations en économie de la santé," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 315(1), pages 73-94.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_315_1_2642
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2642
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2642
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vincent Touzé & Cyrille Hagneré & Gaël Dupont, 2003. "Les modèles de microsimulation dynamique dans l’analyse des réformes des systèmes de retraites : une tentative de bilan," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 160(4), pages 167-191.

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