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La croissance externe des entreprises françaises à la fin des années quatre-vingt

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  • Jean-Luc Bricout
  • Béatrice Colin-Sédillot

Abstract

[fre] La croissance externe des entreprises françaises à la fin des années quatre-vingt . La seconde moitié des années quatre-vingt a été marquée par un fort développement des opérations de croissance externe des entreprises françaises et européennes. Capables de mobiliser d'importantes ressources financières, ce sont essentiellement les grandes entreprises qui ont acquis des parts de capital leur permettant de pénétrer rapidement sur les marchés étrangers ou d'atteindre la taille critique nécessaire au renforcement de leur compétitivité. Néanmoins, l'intensification de la croissance externe ne s'est pas faite systématiquement au détriment de la croissance interne puisqu'un certain nombre de firmes ont mené les deux stratégies de front ou ont continué à privilégier l'investissement productif. . L'analyse des décisions d'investissement productif et financier montre que les structures de bilan, la taille et l'appartenance sectorielle différencient fortement le choix des stratégies de croissance mises en œuvre par les entreprises. Si les prises de contrôle se font prioritairement dans des secteurs à fort taux de croissance et à perspectives de profit élevées, la rentabilité de l'entreprise cible intervient peu dans la décision de l'acquéreur. [spa] El crecimiento externo de las empresas francesas a finales de los ochenta . La segunda mitad de los ochenta fue marcada por un fuerte crecimiento de las operaciones de crecimiento externo de las empresas francesas y europeas. Fueron sobre todo las grandes empresas, capaces de movilizar importantes recursos financieros, las que adquirieron participaciones de capital que les permitieron penetrar con rapidez en los mercados extranjeros o alcanzar la talla cn'tica necesaria al refuerzo de su competitividad. Sin embargo, la intensificaciôn del crecimiento externo no se hizo siempre en detrimento del crecimiento intemo, ya que unas cuantas firmas se apoyaron a la vez en las dos estrategias, o siguieron privilegiando la inversion produc- tiva. . El anâlisis de las decisiones de inversion productiva y financiera senala que las estructuras de balance, el tamano y el origen sectorial establecen fuertes diferencias en la elecciôn de las estrategias de crecimiento aplicadas por las empresas. Si bien las tomas de control se realizan con prioridad en sectores con fuerte tasa de crecimiento y elevadas perspectivas de beneficio, la rentabilidad de la empresa que se pasa a controlar, interviene poco en la decision del adquiriente. [ger] Das externe Wachstum der franzôsischen Unternehmen Ende der achtziger Jahre . gien verfolgt oder auch weiterhin den Ausrûstungsinves- titionen den Vorzug gegeben. . Die zweite Hâlfte der achtziger Jahre war durch ein starkes externes Wachstum der franzôsischen und europâischen Unternehmen gekennzeichnet. Insbesondere die groBen Unternehmen, die betrâchtliche Finanzmittel zu mobilisieren imstande sind, haben Kapitalbeteiligungen erworben, die ihnen ein rasches Eindringen in die auslândischen Mârkte und das Erreichen der kritischen GrôBe ermôglichten, die fur eine Stârkung ihrer Wettbewerbsfâhigkeit erforderlich ist. Die Inten- sivierung des extemen Wachstums erfolgte allerdings nicht immer zu Lasten des internen Wachstums, denn zahlreiche Unternehmen haben gleichzeitig beide Strate- . Aus der Analyse der Entscheidungen ùber die Investi- tionen in Ausrùstungsgùter oder in Finanzanlagever- môgen geht hervor, daB die Bilanzstruktur, die Unter- nehmensgrôBe und die sektorale Zugehôrigkeit bei der Wahl der jeweiligen Wachstumsstrategie eine entscheidende Rollen spielen. Obwohl die Ûbernahmen vorrangig in den Sektoren mit einem starken Wachstum und ûberaus guten Gewinnaussichten erfolgen, kommt der Rentabilitât des betreffenden Unternehmens bei der Ent- scheidung des Erwerbers nur eine geringe Bedeutung zu. [eng] French Corporate External Growth in the Late 1980s . The second half of the 1 980s saw a sharp rise in external growth operations by French and European companies. In the main it was the large companies, able to mobilize sizeable financial resources, that acquired holdings enabling them to swiftly penetrate foreign markets or attain the critical size needed to strengthen their competitiveness. Nevertheless, the steep upturn in external growth did not systematically come about to the detriment of internal growth. A certain number of firms carried on the two strategies at the same time or continued to favour productive investments. . An analysis of productive and financial investment decisions shows that companies implement a wide variety of growth strategies depending on balance-sheet structures, size and the sector in which the company operates. Although takeovers are found mainly in high-growth sectors with high profit prospects, the profitability of the target company has little to do with the acquirer's decision.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Bricout & Béatrice Colin-Sédillot, 1993. "La croissance externe des entreprises françaises à la fin des années quatre-vingt," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 268(1), pages 31-43.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1993_num_268_1_5807
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1993.5807
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1993.5807
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Danielle Galliano, 1991. "Groupes de sociétés et méso-analyse : le cas des IAA," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 58(1), pages 64-85.
    2. Alexis Jacquemin, 1991. "Stratégies d'entreprise et politique de la concurrence dans le Marché Unique Européen," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 57(1), pages 7-24.
    3. Benoît Bretel & Jean-Noël Caubet-Hilloutou & Laurent Di Carlo & Anne Epaulard, 1993. "Quels sont les déterminants de la croissance externe des entreprises françaises ?," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 109(3), pages 25-37.
    4. Jensen, Michael C, 1988. "Takeovers: Their Causes and Consequences," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 2(1), pages 21-48, Winter.
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