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Restructurations et rentabilité économique dans l'industrie française de 1985 à 1992

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  • Elisabeth Kremp

Abstract

[fre] Cet article analyse l'impact des opérations de restructuration industrielle sur la rentabilité économique. Après avoir résumé la littérature existante pour dégager les différents facteurs qui peuvent expliquer les divergences de conclusions, on examine la sensibilité des résultats au concept de rentabilité économique retenu, puis à la prise en compte de l'hétérogénéité des comportements des entreprises, à leurs caractéristiques de survie, à leur taille, à leurs performances passées et au recul avec lequel l'effet d'une restructuration est jugé. . Plusieurs hypothèses sont testées : l'effet d'une restructuration peut être interprété comme un "moindre mal", comme le résultat d'un simple effet de retour vers la moyenne, ou comme une façon d'améliorer ses performances, une fois les valeurs initiales prises en compte. Les résultats poussent à retenir la dernière hypothèse. Les entreprises qui participent à une opération de restructuration ont, cinq ans après, amélioré leur rentabilité, même si cette amélioration n'est pas toujours suffisante pour que le niveau atteint soit comparable à celui des entreprises qui n'ont participé à aucune opération au cours de la même période. [spa] Reestructuración y rentabilidad econômica en la industria francesa de 1985 a 1992 . por Elisabeth Kremp . En este articulo se analiza el impacto de las operaciones de reestructuración industrial en la rentabilidad económica. Tras haber resumido la literatura existente para sacar los distintos factores que pueden explicar las discrepancias de conclusiones, se examina la vulnerabilidad de los resultados al concepto de rentabilidad económica escogido, luego a la toma en cuenta de la heterogeneidad de los comportamientos de las empresas, a sus caracteristicas de supervivencia, a su tamano, a sus resultados pasados, y a la distancia con la que se juzga el efecto de una reestructuración. . Se han probado varias hipótesis : el efecto de una reestructuración puede ser interpretado como un "mal menor", como el resultado de un simple efecto de retorno a la media, o como una manera de mejorar sus resultados, una vez tornados en cuenta los valores iniciales. Los resultados incitan a seleccionar la ultima hipôtesis. Las empresas que participan en una operaciôn de reestructuraciôn han mejorado, cinco anos después, su rentabilidad, aún si esta mejora no es siempre suficiente para que el nivel alcanzado sea comparable al de las empresas que no han participado a ninguna operaciôn durante el mismo periodo. [ger] Umstrukturierungen und wirtschaftliche Rentabilité in der franzôsischen Industrie zwischen 1985 und 1992 von Elisabeth Kremp . In diesem Artikel werden die Auswirkungen der MaBnahmen zur industriellen Umstrukturierung auf die wirtschaftliche Rentabilité analysiert. Nach einer Zusammenfassung der bestehenden Fachliteratur, anhand derer die verschiedenen Faktoren, mit denen sich die unterschiedlichen SchluBfolgerungen erklaren lassen, aufgezeigt werden, untersuchen wir die Anfalligkeit der Ergebnisse . der Heterogenitat der Verhaltensweisen der Unternehmen, ihren Uberlebensmerkmalen, ihrer GrôBe, ihren zuriickliegenden Leistungsfâhigkeiten sowie gegeniiber dem zeitlichen Abstand, mit dem der Effekt einer Umstrukturierung beurteilt wird. Mehrere Hypothesen werden getestet: Die Auswirkungen einer Umstrukturierung kônnen als ein geringeres Ûbel", als das Ergebnis eines bloBen Effektes der Ruckkehr zum Durchschnitt oder auch als eine Art der Verbesserung der Leistungsfâhigkeiten nach Beriicksichtigung der Ausgangswerte interpretiert werden. In Anbetracht der Ergebnisse drangt sich die letzte Hypothèse auf. Die Unternehmen, die sich an einer UmstrukturierungsmaBnahme beteiligen, haben funf Jahre spàter ihre Rentabilitat gesteigert, wenn auch diese Verbesserung nicht immer zur Erzielung eines Niveaus ausreicht, das mit demjenigen der Unternehmen vergleichbar ist, die im selben Zeitraum eine solche MaBnahme nicht durchgefuhrt haben. [eng] Restructuring and the Return on Capital Invested in French Industry from 1985 to 1992 by Elisabeth Kremp . This paper analyzes how industrial restructuring operations influence the return on capital invested. Firstly, an overview of the existing literature is presented to identify the different factors likely to explain differences in conclusions. The paper then examines the sensitivity of the results to the chosen concept of return on capital invested, then to the consideration of the heterogeneity of companies' behaviour, their survival characteristics, their size, their past performance, and lastly to the distance taken to judge the effect of restructuring. Several hypotheses are tested: the effect of restructuring can be interpreted as a "lesser of two evils", being the result of a simple effect of a return towards the average, or as a way of improving performance, once the initial values have been taken into account. The results incline towards the latter hypothesis. Companies taking part in a restructuring operation find that they have improved their return on capital invested five years later, even though this improvement is not always good enough for the level attained to be comparable with that of companies that have not taken part in such an operation during the same period.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabeth Kremp, 1995. "Restructurations et rentabilité économique dans l'industrie française de 1985 à 1992," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 120(4), pages 29-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1995_num_120_4_5742
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1995.5742
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1995.5742
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