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L'électricité : l'intégration européenne d'une industrie de réseau

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  • Jean-Paul Bouttes
  • Denis Haag

Abstract

[fre] L'électricité : l'intégration européenne d'une industrie de réseau . En raison de leurs caractéristiques techniques et économiques particulières, la production, le transport et la distribution d'électricité reposent sur des infrastructures irriguant les territoires nationaux. Mais le développement des marchés de l'électricité et la normalisation des matériels de production comme de distribution dépassent désormais le cadre national. . De récentes initiatives communautaires visent à renforcer le mouvement naturel et progressif d'intégration du secteur électrique, notamment par une intensification de la concurrence entre les différents acteurs. Les enseignements des expériences américaines des années quatre- vingt soulignent les difficultés de l'accès des tiers aux réseaux électriques et l'intérêt de l'ouverture, sous conditions, de la production à de nouveaux opérateurs. [eng] Electricity: the European Integration of a Network Industry . The production, transport and distribution of. electricity depends on infrastructures that supply national territories. . This is due to specific technological and economic characteristics. Yet the development of electricity markets and the standardization of production equipment, distribution networks and trade relations now transcends the national framework. . Recent Community initiatives have aimed to reinforce the natural and gradual trend towards the integration of the electricity sector, in particular by heightening competition between the various players. The lessons to be learnt from the American experiences of the 1 980s underscore the problems faced by third parties trying to enter the electricity networks and the advantages of opening production up to new operators on certain conditions. [ger] Stromversorgung: die europâische Integration einer Netzindustrie . Aufgrund ihrer besonderen technischen und wirtschaftli- chen Eigenschaften beruhen die Erzeuguhg, der Transport und die Verteilung yon Strom auf Infrastrukturen, die das gesamte Gebiet eines Landes versorgen. Die Ent- wicWung der Elektrizitâtsmârkte, die Normung der Erzeu- gungsanlagen, die Verteilungsnetze und die kommerziellen Beziehungen haben jedoch nunmehr eine Dimension er- langt, die ûber den nationalen Rahmen hinausgeht Mit den jûngsten Gemeinschaftsinitiativen soil die natûrli- che und schrittweise Entwicklung hin zur Integration des Elektrizitâtssektors verstârkt werden, insbesondere durch eine Intensivierung des Wettbewerbs zwischen den ver- schiedenen Akteuren. Die Lehren aus den amerikani- schen Erfahrungen in den achtziger Jahren veranschaulichen einerseits die Schwierigkeiten, die Dritte beim Zugang zu den Stromnetzen haben, und andererseits den Nutzen, den eine bedingte ôffnung der Stromerzeugung fur neue Akteure mit sich bringt. [spa] Electricidad : integration europea de una industria de red . Por unas caracterîsticas técnicas y econômicas especfficas, la producciôn, el transporte y la distribution de electricidad descansan en unas infraestructuras que alimentan los territorios nacionales. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de los mercados de electricidad, la normalization de los materiales de producciôn, de las redes de distribution y de las relaciones intemacionales rebasan hoy en dfa el âmbito national. . Unas recientes iniciativas de la comunidad tratan de reforzar el movimiento natural y progresivo de integration del sector eléctrico, en especial en lo referente a la intensificaciôn de la competencia entre los diferentes actores. Las ensenanzas de la experiencia americana de los afios ochenta ponen de manifiesto ias dificultades de acceso de terceros a la red eléctrica y el interés de la apertura conditional de la producciôn a nuevos agentes.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Paul Bouttes & Denis Haag, 1993. "L'électricité : l'intégration européenne d'une industrie de réseau," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 266(1), pages 21-30.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1993_num_266_1_5764
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1993.5764
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1993.5764
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