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Les voies du rattrapage est-allemand

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Louis Brillet
  • Hélène Erkel-Rousse
  • Joël Toujas-Bernate

Abstract

[spa] Las vías de la recuperación en el Este de Alemania - Prever las consecuencias económicas a mediano plazo de la unificación alemana es un ejercicio difïcil. En este articulo se privilegia una causa determinante del retraso en el Este de Alemania : la insuficiencia del capital productivo y su "envejecimiento", combinados a costes salariales elevados que son responsables del hundimiento de la actividad y de la subida acelerada del desempleo en los nuevos Lander. Si el capital en Alemania oriental fuera integramente reemplazado en diez años y si se alcanzacen los nivelés de salario y de productividad del Oeste, la recuperación del crecimiento en el Este no frenaría al desempleo. Una recuperaciôn de los salarios mâs lenta serfa favorable al crecimiento a mediano plazo. A falta de ello, una incitación fiscal a la inversión en los Lander del Este aceleraría la modernización de los equipos y por ende la competitividad de Alemania pero a detrimento de las finanzas públicas. Una integración más lenta solo presenta ventajas durante los primeros años, en particular para el desempleo. Considerando todas las hipótesis, los efectos de la integración de los nuevos Lander son positivos pero limitados para Francia. [fre] Prévoir les conséquences économiques à moyen terme de l'unification allemande est un exercice difficile. On privilégie ici une cause déterminante du retard est-allemand : c'est l'insuffisance de capital productif et son obsolescence, combinées à des coûts salariaux élevés, qui sont responsables de l'effondrement de l'activité et de la montée en flèche du chômage dans les nouveaux Länder. . Si le capital en Allemagne orientale était entièrement remplacé en dix ans et si les niveaux de salaire et de productivité de l'Ouest étaient rattrapés, la reprise de la . sance à l'Est n'endiguerait pas le chômage. Un rattrapage des salaires plus lent serait favorable à la croissance sur moyenne période. A défaut, une incitation fiscale à l'investissement dans les Lânder de l'Est accélérerait la modernisation des équipements et donc la compétitivité de l'Allemagne mais au détriment des finances publiques. Une intégration plus lente ne présente des avantages que les premières années, en particulier pour le chômage. . Dans tous les scénarios, les effets de l'intégration des nouveaux Lânder sont positifs mais limités pour la France. [eng] How East Germany Can Catch Up - Foreseeing the mid-term economic consequences of German unification is a dificult exercise. This article focuses on a determining cause of the East German delay. The shortage and obsolescence of productive capital added to high salary costs are responsable for the collapse of economic activity and soaring unemployment in the new Lander. . If capital in East Germany was entirely replaced in ten years, and if East Germany caught up with West Germany's salary and productivity levels, the recovery of . nomic growth in the East would not atem unemployment. Catching up the salary levels more slowly would be favorable to growth in the mid term. If not, tax incentives for investment in the East Lander would accelerate the updating of equipment and thus the competitiveness of Germany, but to the disadvantage of public finances. A slower integration presents advantages only in the first few years, in particular, for employment. . In all the scenarios, the effects of the integration of the new Lander are positive but limited for France.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Louis Brillet & Hélène Erkel-Rousse & Joël Toujas-Bernate, 1991. "Les voies du rattrapage est-allemand," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 246(1), pages 37-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_246_1_6292
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1991.6292
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1991.6292
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    1. George A. Akerlof & Andrew K. Rose & Janet L. Yellen & Helga Hessenius, 1991. "East Germany in from the Cold: The Economic Aftermath of Currency Union," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 22(1), pages 1-106.
    2. Jean-Philippe Cotis & Sabine Schimel, 1990. "Les conséquences économiques de l'unification allemande : quelques scénarios exploratoires," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 96(5), pages 1-19.
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