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L'économie souterraine dans les comptes nationaux

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  • Jean-Charles Willard

Abstract

[fre] L'économie souterraine, par définition, se dérobe à l'investigation statistique et à la quantification précise. Les comptables nationaux n'en sont pas moins amenés à estimer ce type d'activité et son évolution, ne serait- ce que par souci de cohérence des agrégats macroéconomiques. Les travaux menés à l'occasion de la mise en place de la base 1 980 des comptes ont conduit à distinguer deux grandes catégories principales d'économie "au noir" : d'une part, la fraude et l'évasion fiscales que l'on peut évaluer à partir des redressements pratiqués par les services fiscaux ; d'autre part, le travail "au noir" pour lequel les méthodes d'estimation sont plus frustes. Globalement, les montants en cause ne sont pas négligeables puisqu'ils représentent environ 4 points de PIB. . Ces chiffrages demeurent à l'évidence fragiles. Compte tenu des conventions retenues, les montants par secteur d'activité doivent être considérés avec précaution. En témoigne également la diversité des estimations auxquelles conduit l'application de méthodes différentes dans les principaux pays industrialisés. [eng] The Underground Economy in the National Accounts - By definition, the underground economy escapes statiscal investigation and accurate quantification. However, national accountants must estimate this type of activity and its evolution, if only to make macroeconomic aggregates consistent. The work performed to establish the 1980 accounts led to a differentiation between two main categories of the black market economy: on the one hand, fraud and tax evasion that can be estimated from the amount of tax arrears demanded by internal revenue services, on the other hand, "moonlighting" which must be estimated by less accurate methods. On the whole, the amounts they represent are not negligible since they constitute about 4 points of the gross national product. . These estimates are obviously flexible as is shown by the diversity of the figures obtained by the various methods applied in the main industrialized nations. As far as France is concerned, the diversity between the estimates of the various sectors of activity must also be regarded with caution, according to the criteria which have been used. [spa] La economia subterránea en las cuentas nacionales - La economía subterránea, por definición, elude la investigación estadística y la cuantificación precisa. No obstante, los contadores de la Nación se ven en la obligación de estimar este tipo de actividad y su evolución, aunque tan solo sea por un deseo de coherencia en lo que concierne a las magnitudes macroeconômicas. Las operaciones llevadas a cabo en ocasión de la compilación de base de las cuentas en 1980 permitieron distinguir dos categorías principales en el seno de la "economía clandestina": por una parte, el fraude y la evasion fiscales que se pueden evaluar a traves de las multas impuestas por la Direción General Impositiva, y por otra parte, el "trabajo clandestino", para el cual los métodos de estimación son menos fiables. Globalmente, los montos que están en juego no son desdenables puesto que representan alrededor de 4 puntos del PIB. . Estas evaluaciones siguen siendo, sin duda alguna, fragiles. Un testimonio de ello esta dado por la diversidad de estimaciones a las que conduce la aplicación de metodos diferentes en los principales países industrializados. Incluso, en el caso de Francia, la diversidad de las estimaciones según el sector de actividad, debe ser considerada con precaution, teniendo en cuenta las convenciones consideradas para tal fin.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Charles Willard, 1989. "L'économie souterraine dans les comptes nationaux," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 226(1), pages 35-51.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1989_num_226_1_5388
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1989.5388
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1989.5388
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bruno S. Frey & Werner W. Pommerehne, 1984. "The Hidden Economy: State And Prospects For Measurement1," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 30(1), pages 1-23, March.
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    1. Nicolas Jacquemet, 2006. "Le travail irrégulier en France," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-02504628, HAL.
    2. Christian Cordellier, 1998. "Dix ans de revenus des indépendants : effets temporels et individuels," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 319(1), pages 53-87.

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