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Profils de carrière d'un échantillon d'ouvriers et d'employés

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  • François Bourguignon
  • Christian Morrisson

Abstract

[fre] L'évolution individuelle des salaires au cours de la vie professionnelle est encore très mal connue. Au-delà d'une période de cinq ans, on ne disposait jusqu'ici pour étudier la « mobilité » des salaires que d'un échantillon de cadres supérieurs. L'échantillon présenté dans cette étude en est le complément indispensable, puisqu'il collecte des séries de salaires annuels perçus par des ouvriers, des employés, des agents de maîtrise et des techniciens pendant vingt-huit années, de 1 950 à 1 977, pendant trente-neuf années même pour un sous-échantillon. . Mesurée ainsi sur une partie de leur vie professionnelle, l'inégalité des salaires parmi les ouvriers et employés est beaucoup plus faible que l'inégalité « instantanée » à laquelle on se réfère habituellement. Si l'on considère l'ensemble de la vie active, l'inégalité est inférieure de 30 % à 50 % selon les indicateurs à celle observée en moyenne chaque année. . Sur l'ensemble de l'échantillon suivi et en moyenne, la « mobilité » des salaires paraît modérée. Elle serait beaucoup plus grande si l'on excluait un groupe privilégié mais réduit en nombre : les salariés à vie des grandes entreprises. D'autre part, la mobilité parmi les ouvriers et employés demeure significative même après 40 ou 45 ans, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les cadres ou les salariés des grandes entreprises, qui seuls bénéficient d'une relative stabilité de carrière à partir d'un certain âge. . Les résultats issus de ces séries sont proches des estimations étrangères. Mais une telle confirmation n'est pas dépourvue d'intérêt, compte tenu de l'incertitude qui s'attache à toutes ces données tirées de petits échantillons non représentatifs de l'ensemble d'une génération d'actifs. [eng] Career profiles of a sample of workers and employees - The individual evolution of salaries in the course of professional life is still not well known. Until now, in order to study salary " mobility" beyond a five year period, only a sample of upper-level cadres was available. The sample presented in this study is its indispensible complement, in that it collects series of annual salaries received by workers, employees, supervisors and technicians over a period of 28 years, from 1950 to 1977, and even over a period of 39 years for a sub-sample. . Thus, measured over a part of their professional life, the inequality of salaries among workers and employees is much less great than the " instantaneous " inequality to which reference is usually made. If the totality of active life is considered, inequality is 30 % to 50 % lower, depending on the indicators, than that observed on average each year. . For the whole of the sample followed and on average, salary " mobility " seems moderate. It would be much greater if a small but privileged group were excluded : employees of large companies salaried for life. On the other hand, mobility among workers and employees remains significant even after age 40 or 45. This is not the case for cadres and salaried employees of large companies who alone benefit from relative career stability starting at a certain age. . The results that issue from these series are close to outside estimates. Such a confirmation, however, is not without interest, considering the uncertainty attached to all this data taken from small samples that are not representative of a whole active generation. [spa] Perfil de carrera de una muestra constituida pour obreros y empleados - La evolución individual de los salarios en el transcurso de la vida profesional no se conoce aún muy bien. Para estudiar la « movilidad » de los salarios, más alla de un periodo de cinco a nos, solo se disponia hasta ahora de una muestra constituida por ejecutivos. La que se presenta en este estudio constituye su complemento indispensable puesto que en la misma se efectûa un acopio de series de sueldos anuales percibidos por obreros, empleados, capataces y técnicos durante 28 años, desde 1950 hasta 1977 y durante 39 anos para unasubmuestra. . La desigualdad de salarios entre obreros y empleados, medida de este modo durante una parte de su actividad profesional, es mucho más baja que la desemejanza « instantánea » a la que se hace habitualmente referencia. Si se considera la vida activa en su totalidad, la desigualdad es inferior en un porcentaje de 30 a 50 %, según los indicadores, a la que se observa en termino medio cada año. . En el promedio del conjunto de la muestra continua la « movilidad » de los salarios aparenta ser moderada. La misma séria mucho más importante si se excluyese un grupo privilegiado aunque reducido en cantidad, constituido por los asalariados vitalicios de las grandes empresas. Por otra parte, la movilidad entre obreros y empleados sigue siendo significative, aun después de los 40 ó 45 anos; tal situación no se presenta de la misma manera para los ejecutivos y asalariados de las grandes empresas quienes son los únicos en beneficiar de una rela- tiva estabilidad de carrera a partir de una cierta edad. . Los resultados que se desprenden de estas series son muy similares a las estimaciones extraderas. Pero tal confirmación no esta desprovista de interés, dada la incertidumbre ligada a los datos extraidos de muestras pequenas no representativas del conjunto de una generación en actividad.

Suggested Citation

  • François Bourguignon & Christian Morrisson, 1987. "Profils de carrière d'un échantillon d'ouvriers et d'employés," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 198(1), pages 21-35.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1987_num_198_1_5077
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1987.5077
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1987.5077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. François Bourguignon & Christian Morrisson, 1984. "La mobilité des salaires sur le cycle de vie : un échantillon de cadres français sur trente ans," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 35(5), pages 929-970.
    2. Schiller, Bradley R, 1977. "Relative Earnings Mobility in the United States," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(5), pages 926-941, December.
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    1. Fields, Gary S & Buchinsky, Mosche & Kramarz, Francis & Fougère, Denis, 2003. "Francs or Ranks? Earnings Mobility in France, 1967-1999," CEPR Discussion Papers 3937, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Alain Bayet & Christel Colin, 1998. "Les évolutions individuelles de salaire sur dix ans sont difficiles à prévoir," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 314(1), pages 3-24.

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