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Baisser les salaires réels, réduire les sureffectifs industriels : deux aspects de la flexibilité de l'emploi

Author

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  • Laurence Bloch
  • Jean-Pierrre Puig

Abstract

[fre] On invoque souvent la « rigidité » du marché du travail comme source de chômage. Un modèle économétrique, comme DMS, ne permet pas de traiter de toutes les formes de rigidité. On peut, par contre, l'utiliser pour mieux comprendre les effets macroéconomiques d'une plus grande flexibilité de l'emploi s' exerçant par deux voies distinctes : baisse du salaire moyen et résorption des sureffectifs industriels. . L'une et l'autre voie allègent ex-ante le coût salarial supporté par les entreprises. Mais, sans autre modification de comportement, la première est préférable à la seconde selon DMS : à moyen terme, le chômage baisse lorsque le salaire moyen diminue, alors qu'il s'accroît si les sureffectifs se réduisent. En tout état de cause, les effets sur l'emploi resteraient limités. . Pour que ces effets soient positifs à terme, il est essentiel que les entreprises accroissent leurs capacités de production en développant l'investissement, en ralentissant les mises au rebut d'équipements anciens, ou en allongeant la durée d'utilisation des équipements. Les entreprises industrielles augmenteraient alors leurs parts de marché vis-à-vis des concurrents étrangers. [spa] Baja de los sueldos y reducción de la fuerza laboral industrial : dos aspectos de la flexibilidad del empleo - Con frecuencia se suele invocar la rigidez del mercado laboral como fuente del desempleo. Un modelo econometrico tal como DMS no permite tratar de todas las formas de rigidez. Es factible, en cambio, utilizarlo para comprender mejor sus efectos macro- económicos de una mayor flexibilidad del empleo ejercido por dos vias distintas : baja del sueldo medio y reabsorber el exceso de fuerza laboral industrial. La una y la otra via aligeran « ex-ante » el costo salarial soportado por las empresas. Mes otra modificaciôn de comportamiento, la primera es preferible a la segunda según DMS : a medio plazo el paro baja cuando el salario medio decrece. Cuando se incrementa, los excesos de fuerza laboral se van reduciendo. De todas formas, las efectos sobre el empleo siguen limitadas. . A fin de que estos efectos sean positivos, a plazo, es esencial que las empresas incrementen sus capacidades de producciôn desarrollando la inversion, ralentizando el desecho de sus equipas. [eng] Lower real salaries and reduce excess industrial employees : two examples of employment flexibility - The rigidity of the work market is often invoked as the source of unemployment. An econometric model, like DMS, does not allow all forms of rigidity to be treated. On the other hand, it can be employed to better understand the macroeconomic effects of greater employment flexibility as it is exercized in two distinct ways : a drop in average salary and résorption of excess industrial employees. . Both ways lighten ex-ante the salary cost supported by firms. According to DMS, however, without any other behavioral modification, the first is preferable to the second : middle-term, unemployment drops when the average salary decreases, while it increases if excess employees are reduced. In any event, the effects, on employment remain limited. . In order for these effects to be positive in the end, it is essential that firms increase their production capacity by developing investment and slowing equipment obsolescence.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurence Bloch & Jean-Pierrre Puig, 1986. "Baisser les salaires réels, réduire les sureffectifs industriels : deux aspects de la flexibilité de l'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 191(1), pages 3-20.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1986_num_191_1_2487
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1986.2487
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1986.2487
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    1. Benassy Jean-pascal & Fouquet Denis & Malgrange Pierre, 1975. "Estimation d'une fonction de production à générations de capital pour l'industrie française," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Couverture Orange) 7502, CEPREMAP.
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    3. Weitzman, Martin L, 1985. "The Simple Macroeconomics of Profit Sharing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(5), pages 937-953, December.
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    1. Pierre Joly & Jean-Pierre Caffet & Yves Juvanon & Thaddée Tyl, 1987. "La recherche du carré magique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 195(1), pages 12-29.
    2. Mireille Elbaum, 1987. "L'attitude des entreprises françaises," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 197(1), pages 15-39.

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